4,4'-Oxydianiline

4,4'-Oxydianiline



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:15Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutationsGenetic DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:185Increase, Mutations
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:1214Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:768Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:122Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formationUnclassified-0.1KE:800Decreased, Aromatase (Cyp19a1) mRNA
AOP:123Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcriptionUnclassified-0.09KE:800Decreased, Aromatase (Cyp19a1) mRNA
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.29KE:768Increase, Cytotoxicity
KE:868Increase, Tissue Degeneration, Necrosis & Atrophy
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.25KE:185Increase, Mutations
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.14KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:194Hepatic nuclear receptor activation leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.17KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1281Increased, DNA Damage-Repair
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.29KE:1636Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
KE:185Increase, Mutations
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.4KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:321Reduced environmental pH leading to thinner shells in Mytilus edulisUnclassified-0.18KE:10037Downregulation of tyrosinase and hexokinase genes
KE:10039Higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:440Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasiaBenign Neoplasm; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer; Endocrine System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:1973Increased, estrogens
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.1KE:18Activation, AhR
KE:165Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:1636Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
KE:185Increase, Mutations
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.22KE:854Alterations, Cellular proliferation / hyperplasia
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.1KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:1553Increase mutations

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:185Increase, Mutations
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:185Increase, Mutations
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.4KE:185Increase, Mutations
KE:1636Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
AOP:397Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutationsGenetic DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:185Increase, Mutations
AOP:504SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ levelUnclassified-0.33KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:561Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiolUnclassified-0.2KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:7Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult femaleReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:408reduction in ovarian granulosa cells, Aromatase (Cyp19a1)
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.22KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive System Disease-0.4KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:21Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:25Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:36Inhibition, Aromatase
AOP:30Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:112Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:854Alterations, Cellular proliferation / hyperplasia
KE:165Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:279Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:494Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist, Activation
AOP:111Decrease in androgen receptor activity leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)Cancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:279Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:131Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyriaInherited Metabolic DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.33KE:18Activation, AhR
KE:850Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5
AOP:150Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGFUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:151AhR activation leading to preeclampsiaCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:159Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:279Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:175Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:279Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:279Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:288Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)Endocrine System Disease-0.25KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:1609Inhibition, Cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP17A1) activity
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.75KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-0.08KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:318Glucocorticoid Receptor activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:122Activation, Glucocorticoid Receptor
AOP:334Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonism Leading to Impaired Fin RegenerationUnclassified-0.17KE:122Activation, Glucocorticoid Receptor
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.75KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.5KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:346Aromatase inhibition leads to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:36Inhibition, Aromatase
AOP:363Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.12KE:279Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:364Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye sizeUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:279Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:365Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterningUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:279Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.6KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:414Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through TGF-β dependent fibrosis toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:415Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through IL-6 toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.33KE:18Activation, AhR
KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.6KE:18Activation, AhR
KE:17Altered gene expression, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-dependent pathway
KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.4KE:18Activation, AhR
KE:17Altered gene expression, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-dependent pathway
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.4KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:1554Increase Chromosomal Aberrations
KE:112Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
KE:185Increase, Mutations
AOP:445Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired ReproductionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:455Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.17KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:456Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicityUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.25KE:18Activation, AhR
KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.22KE:18Activation, AhR
KE:850Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5
AOP:477Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspringPhysical Disorder-0.67KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.1KE:2126Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:494AhR activation leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:18Activation, AhR
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.12KE:2126Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:503Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulationReproductive System Disease; CancerUnder Review0.17KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.15KE:2220Antagonism, Glucocorticoid hormone receptor
KE:2217Binding of antagonist to glucocorticoid hormone receptor
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:545Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesisUnclassified-0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:548Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expressionUnclassified-0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:549Aromatase inhibition leads to reproductive toxicity (including growth and developmental toxicity) in adult female zebrafishUnclassified-0.12KE:36Inhibition, Aromatase
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:18Activation, AhR

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.