Melamine

Melamine



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:7Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult femaleReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:18PPARα activation in utero leading to impaired fertility in malesReproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.12KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
AOP:23Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:25Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:853Changes/Inhibition, Cellular Homeostasis and Apoptosis
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive System Disease-0.43KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
KE:496Increased apoptosis, decreased fetal/adult Leydig Cells
KE:520Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility
AOP:77Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony death/failure 1Unclassified-0.14KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:78Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal role change within the worker bee caste leading to colony death failure 1Unclassified-0.12KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:87Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony loss/failureUnclassified-0.12KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:88Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony loss/failure via abnormal role change within casteUnclassified-0.14KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:89Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation followed by desensitization contributes to abnormal foraging and directly leads to colony loss/failureUnclassified-0.12KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:90Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal roll change within the worker bee caste leading to colony loss/failure 2Unclassified-0.12KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:99Histamine (H2) receptor antagonism leading to reduced survivalUnclassified-0.14KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:749Decreased, Progesterone from corpus luteum
AOP:120Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)Cancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
AOP:122Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formationUnclassified-0.2KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:123Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcriptionUnclassified-0.18KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:124HMG-CoA reductase inhibition leading to decreased fertilityReproductive System Disease-0.17KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
AOP:194Hepatic nuclear receptor activation leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.17KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:218Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased locomotor activityUnclassified-0.17KE:1141Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:219Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased sexual behaviorUnclassified-0.17KE:1141Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:288Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)Endocrine System Disease-0.12KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
AOP:289Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to impaired fecundity in female fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:309Luteinizing hormone receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.29KE:1693Reduction, Plasma progesterone concentration
KE:1692Reduction, Progesterone synthesis
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-0.17KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:346Aromatase inhibition leads to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1789Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by the undifferentiated gonad
AOP:413Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:1607Increase, Necrosis
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.14KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.05KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.08KE:1097Occurrence, renal proximal tubular necrosis
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.11KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:1097Occurrence, renal proximal tubular necrosis
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.11KE:1183Decreased, Apoptosis (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.2KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.14KE:2206Increased, histomorphological alteration of testis
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.22KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:549Aromatase inhibition leads to reproductive toxicity (including growth and developmental toxicity) in adult female zebrafishUnclassified-0.12KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:1262Apoptosis

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:12Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in agingNervous System Disease; Developmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:13Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilitiesDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:48Binding of agonists to ionotropic glutamate receptors in adult brain causes excitotoxicity that mediates neuronal cell death, contributing to learning and memory impairment.Developmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.11KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:54Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:63Cyclooxygenase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:675Reduced, Reproductive Success
AOP:100Cyclooxygenase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via inhibition of female spawning behaviorReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:675Reduced, Reproductive Success
AOP:101Cyclooxygenase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via inhibition of pheromone releaseReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:675Reduced, Reproductive Success
AOP:102Cyclooxygenase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via interference with meiotic prophase I /metaphase I transitionReproductive System Disease-0.1KE:675Reduced, Reproductive Success
AOP:103Cyclooxygenase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via interference with spindle assembly checkpointReproductive System Disease-0.1KE:675Reduced, Reproductive Success
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.25KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:2035-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibition leading to decreased reproductive success and population declineReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1141Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:205AOP from chemical insult to cell deathUnclassified-0.33KE:1263Necrosis
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.33KE:1506Testicular atrophy
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:322Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm countReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1757Reduce, Sperm count
AOP:384Hyperactivation of ACE/Ang-II/AT1R axis leading to chronic kidney diseaseUrinary System Disease-0.17KE:1603Chronic kidney disease
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder Development0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:475Binding of chemicals to ionotropic glutamate receptors leads to impairment of learning and memory via loss of drebrin from dendritic spines of neuronsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Development0.12KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:483Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory ImpairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Review0.12KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:490Co-activation of IP3R and RyR leads to reduced IQ through non-cholinergic mechanismsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.09KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:498Increased LCN2/iron complex leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:2150Neurological disorder
AOP:499Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter releaseDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.25KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:500Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosisDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.29KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:2150Neurological disorder
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:520Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.2KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.08KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:533Retinoic acid receptor antagonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.22KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:341Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.