Anthracene
| Associated High Confidence AOPs |
|---|
Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
| AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOP:12 | Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in aging | Nervous System Disease; Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.12 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:13 | Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilities | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.1 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:17 | Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memory | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.1 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:38 | Protein Alkylation leading to Liver Fibrosis | Gastrointestinal System Disease | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.14 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:48 | Binding of agonists to ionotropic glutamate receptors in adult brain causes excitotoxicity that mediates neuronal cell death, contributing to learning and memory impairment. | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.11 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:107 | Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the rat | Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease | Under Review | 0.2 | KE:1214 | Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes |
| AOP:108 | Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat) | Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.17 | KE:768 | Increase, Cytotoxicity |
| AOP:131 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyria | Inherited Metabolic Disorder | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.17 | KE:850 | Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5 |
| AOP:136 | Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal Tumors | Benign Neoplasm; Respiratory System Disease | Under Review | 0.14 | KE:768 | Increase, Cytotoxicity |
| AOP:144 | Endocytic lysosomal uptake leading to liver fibrosis | Gastrointestinal System Disease | Under Review | 0.11 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:194 | Hepatic nuclear receptor activation leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis | Unclassified | - | 0.17 | KE:295 | Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity |
| AOP:264 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via ATP depletion associated cell death | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.25 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:265 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via increased cytosolic calcium | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.25 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:266 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased Na-K ATPase activity | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.17 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:268 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via mitochondrial swelling | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.25 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:278 | IKK complex inhibition leading to liver injury | Unclassified | - | 0.12 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:281 | Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Leading to Neurodegeneration | Nervous System Disease | - | 0.1 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:287 | Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2) | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:288 | Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals) | Endocrine System Disease | - | 0.12 | KE:1614 | Decrease, androgen receptor activation |
| AOP:291 | Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2) | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:305 | 5α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspring | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:1614 | Decrease, androgen receptor activation |
| AOP:324 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell death | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:325 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell death | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:326 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via protein oxidation and cell death | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:331 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferation | Unclassified | - | 0.17 | KE:1505 | Cell cycle, disrupted |
| AOP:332 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferation | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:1505 | Cell cycle, disrupted |
| AOP:368 | Cytochrome oxidase inhibition leading to increased nasal lesions | Unclassified | - | 0.33 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:410 | GSK3beta inactivation leading to increased mortality via defects in developing inner ear | Unclassified | - | 0.1 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:418 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathway | Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:449 | Ceramide synthase inhibition leading to neural tube defects | Neural Tube Defect | - | 0.14 | KE:1502 | Histone deacetylase inhibition |
| AOP:458 | AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Cognitive Disorder | - | 0.12 | KE:295 | Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity |
| AOP:459 | AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Cognitive Disorder | - | 0.11 | KE:850 | Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5 |
| AOP:464 | Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficits | Nervous System Disease | - | 0.05 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:465 | Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunction | Unclassified | - | 0.12 | KE:748 | Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity |
| AOP:468 | Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to hyperinflammation (via cell death) | Unclassified | - | 0.12 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:472 | DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failure | Urinary System Disease | - | 0.11 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:479 | Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stress | Cardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic Disease | Under Development | 0.14 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:482 | Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone loss | Musculoskeletal System Disease | Under Review | 0.14 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:490 | Co-activation of IP3R and RyR leads to reduced IQ through non-cholinergic mechanisms | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | - | 0.09 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:494 | AhR activation leading to liver fibrosis | Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.17 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:530 | Endocytotic lysosomal uptake leads to intestinal barrier disruption | Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:55 | Increase, Cell injury/death |
| AOP:573 | Inhibition, cytochrome oxidase leads to Increased, pulmonary edema | Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.33 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
| AOP:574 | Inhibition, cytochrome oxidase leads to Loss of olfactory function | Unclassified | - | 0.33 | KE:1825 | Increase, Cell death |
Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
| AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOP:504 | SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ level | Unclassified | - | 0.33 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
| AOP:561 | Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
| AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOP:8 | Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Nervous System Disease | Under Development | 0.22 | KE:295 | Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity |
| KE:239 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 | |||||
| AOP:19 | Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals) | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:26 | Antagonism, Androgen receptor |
| AOP:27 | Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11) | Gastrointestinal System Disease | Under Development | 0.12 | KE:41 | Inhibition, Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11) |
| AOP:42 | Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Cognitive Disorder | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.12 | KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition |
| AOP:111 | Decrease in androgen receptor activity leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat) | Cancer; Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:1614 | Decrease, androgen receptor activation |
| AOP:119 | Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse) | Cancer; Endocrine System Disease | - | 0.14 | KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition |
| AOP:159 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation | Unclassified | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.12 | KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition |
| AOP:167 | Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse. | Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | - | 0.29 | KE:1064 | prepubertal increase, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity |
| KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha | |||||
| AOP:175 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition |
| AOP:212 | Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophy | Reproductive System Disease | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.33 | KE:1502 | Histone deacetylase inhibition |
| KE:1505 | Cell cycle, disrupted | |||||
| AOP:271 | Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fish | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition |
| AOP:274 | Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to impeded craniofacial development | Musculoskeletal System Disease | - | 0.25 | KE:1502 | Histone deacetylase inhibition |
| AOP:275 | Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to neural tube defects | Neural Tube Defect | - | 0.2 | KE:1502 | Histone deacetylase inhibition |
| AOP:306 | Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspring | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.5 | KE:1614 | Decrease, androgen receptor activation |
| KE:26 | Antagonism, Androgen receptor | |||||
| AOP:314 | Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Immune System Disease; Musculoskeletal System Disease | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:1710 | Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells |
| AOP:344 | Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspring | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.5 | KE:1614 | Decrease, androgen receptor activation |
| KE:26 | Antagonism, Androgen receptor | |||||
| AOP:345 | Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in females | Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease | Under Development | 0.33 | KE:1614 | Decrease, androgen receptor activation |
| KE:26 | Antagonism, Androgen receptor | |||||
| AOP:363 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structure | Unclassified | Under Review | 0.12 | KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition |
| AOP:364 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye size | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.12 | KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition |
| AOP:365 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterning | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.12 | KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition |
| AOP:372 | Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancer | Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | - | 0.4 | KE:1614 | Decrease, androgen receptor activation |
| KE:26 | Antagonism, Androgen receptor | |||||
| AOP:445 | Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired Reproduction | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.12 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
| AOP:477 | Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspring | Physical Disorder | - | 0.67 | KE:1614 | Decrease, androgen receptor activation |
| KE:26 | Antagonism, Androgen receptor | |||||
| AOP:503 | Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulation | Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | Under Review | 0.17 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
| AOP:517 | Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosis | Gastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder | - | 0.2 | KE:239 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 |
| AOP:545 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesis | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:239 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 |
| AOP:548 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expression | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:239 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 |
No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
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TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.