2-Methoxy-5-methylaniline

2-Methoxy-5-methylaniline



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:15Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutationsGenetic DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:288Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)Endocrine System Disease-0.12KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.1KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:165
Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.1KE:185
Increase, Mutations

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:37PPARα activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rodentsCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:719
Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:719
Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
KE:1214
Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:719
Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:117Androgen receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:719
Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:118Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.25KE:719
Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.5KE:885
Increase, Cancer
KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:397Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutationsGenetic DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder Development0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.33KE:1553
Increase mutations
KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:21Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:165
Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:111Decrease in androgen receptor activity leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)Cancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:131Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyriaInherited Metabolic DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:150Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGFUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:151AhR activation leading to preeclampsiaCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:159Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:175Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.5KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-0.08KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.5KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:363Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:364Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye sizeUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:365Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterningUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.4KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:414Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through TGF-β dependent fibrosis toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:415Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through IL-6 toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.33KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.4KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.22KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:1971
Increased, tumor growth
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.2KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:455Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:456Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicityUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:477Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspringPhysical Disorder-0.67KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:494AhR activation leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.15KE:2220
Antagonism, Glucocorticoid hormone receptor
KE:2217
Binding of antagonist to glucocorticoid hormone receptor
AOP:545Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesisUnclassified-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:548Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expressionUnclassified-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.