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Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:39Covalent Binding, Protein, leading to Increase, Allergic Respiratory Hypersensitivity ResponseRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:213Inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)Gastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:299Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and follicular atresiaUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:311Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and oocyte apoptosisUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:320Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptor leading to acute respiratory distress associated mortalityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.11KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:382Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonism leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:383Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:384Hyperactivation of ACE/Ang-II/AT1R axis leading to chronic kidney diseaseUrinary System Disease-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:386Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesisReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:387Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:392Decreased fibrinolysis and activated bradykinin system leading to hyperinflammationUnclassifiedUnder Development0.4KE:1497Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.62KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1497Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:413Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:432Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid LeukemiaHematopoietic System Disease; Cancer-0.09KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:468Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to hyperinflammation (via cell death)Unclassified-0.25KE:1497Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.1KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:492Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stressReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.1KE:1497Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:500Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosisDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:569Decreased DNA methylation of FAM50B/PTCHD3 leading to IQ loss of children via PI3K-Akt pathwayDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.71KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:1670Lung cancer
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1497Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.5KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.4KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.5KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:1670Lung cancer

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:115Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)Cancer-0.2KE:780Increase, Cytotoxicity (epithelial cells)
AOP:173Substance interaction with the pulmonary resident cell membrane components leading to pulmonary fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.38KE:1495Substance interaction with the lung resident cell membrane components
KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
KE:1497Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:237Substance interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leading to atherosclerosisCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.4KE:1495Substance interaction with the lung resident cell membrane components
KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:282Adverse outcome pathway on photochemical toxicity initiated by light exposureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:298Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to human treatment-resistant gastric cancer via chronic ROSCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:324Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:325Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:326Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via protein oxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:327Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (1)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:328Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:329Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (3)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:330Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:331Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:332Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:333Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylationUnclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:423Toxicological mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis through the PARP1 dependent cell death pathwayUnclassified-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.1KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.15KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1497Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-1.0KE:1495Substance interaction with the lung resident cell membrane components
KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:2006Secondary genotoxicity
KE:1496Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
KE:1670Lung cancer
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:780Increase, Cytotoxicity (epithelial cells)
KE:1497Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.