Benzo[e]pyrene

Benzo[e]pyrene



Associated curated AOPs from AOP-Wiki
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:39Covalent Binding, Protein, leading to Increase, Allergic Respiratory Hypersensitivity ResponseRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:1214
Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:122Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formationUnclassified-0.1KE:799
Increased, HIF-1 heterodimer
AOP:173Substance interaction with the pulmonary resident cell membrane components leading to pulmonary fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1280
Activation, HIF-1
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:237Substance interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leading to atherosclerosisCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:260CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:320Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptor leading to acute respiratory distress associated mortalityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.11KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:328Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)Unclassified-0.2KE:1770
Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential
AOP:382Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonism leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:387Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1770
Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:437Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes leading to kidney toxicityUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.14KE:1974
Activation of Tumor Protein 53
AOP:444Ionizing radiation leads to reduced reproduction in Eisenia fetida via reduced spermatogenesis and cocoon hatchabilityUnclassified-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:165
Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes
KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:450Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortalityNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:464Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficitsNervous System Disease-0.05KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748
Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:468Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to hyperinflammation (via cell death)Unclassified-0.12KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:470Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodelingCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Review0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.1KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:479Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stressCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:482Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone lossMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:483Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory ImpairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Review0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:507Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects via inflammation pathwayCardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:509Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects through activating apoptosis signal pathway and mitochondrial dysfunctionCardiovascular System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:510Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.2KE:2165
Activation of PPAR
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:21Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:165
Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:494
Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist, Activation
AOP:123Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcriptionUnclassified-0.27KE:799
Increased, HIF-1 heterodimer
KE:801
modulation, Unknown
KE:802
Increased, HIF-1 alpha transcription
AOP:131Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyriaInherited Metabolic DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:150Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGFUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:151AhR activation leading to preeclampsiaCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-0.08KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:318Glucocorticoid Receptor activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:122
Activation, Glucocorticoid Receptor
AOP:334Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonism Leading to Impaired Fin RegenerationUnclassified-0.17KE:122
Activation, Glucocorticoid Receptor
AOP:392Decreased fibrinolysis and activated bradykinin system leading to hyperinflammationUnclassifiedUnder Development0.4KE:1866
Fibrinolysis, decreased
KE:1496
Increased, secretion of proinflammatory mediators
AOP:411Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:414Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through TGF-β dependent fibrosis toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.4KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:1920
Altered gene expression, TGF-β dependent fibrosis pathway
AOP:415Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through IL-6 toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.33KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:1933
Increased, Interleukin-6 production
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.4KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:17
Altered gene expression, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-dependent pathway
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.4KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:17
Altered gene expression, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-dependent pathway
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.5KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:1923
Altered gene expression, P53 dependent apoptosis pathway
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.5KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:1917
Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
AOP:424Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:425Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1Respiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.25KE:1917
Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
KE:1770
Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:455Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:456Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicityUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.22KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:494AhR activation leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:520Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.2KE:2201
Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:523Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to microcephalyCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.2KE:2201
Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:532Retinoic acid receptor agonism during cerebellar development leading to impaired locomotor functionUnclassified-0.2KE:2201
Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.