Allura Red C.I.16035

Allura Red C.I.16035



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.12KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:39Covalent Binding, Protein, leading to Increase, Allergic Respiratory Hypersensitivity ResponseRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:272
Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:40Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin SensitisationIntegumentary System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:272
Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:496
Increased apoptosis, decreased fetal/adult Leydig Cells
AOP:77Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony death/failure 1Unclassified-0.14KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:78Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal role change within the worker bee caste leading to colony death failure 1Unclassified-0.12KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:87Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony loss/failureUnclassified-0.12KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:88Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony loss/failure via abnormal role change within casteUnclassified-0.14KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:89Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation followed by desensitization contributes to abnormal foraging and directly leads to colony loss/failureUnclassified-0.12KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:90Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal roll change within the worker bee caste leading to colony loss/failure 2Unclassified-0.12KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:99Histamine (H2) receptor antagonism leading to reduced survivalUnclassified-0.14KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:110Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:114HPPD inhibition leading to corneal papillomas and carcinomas (in rat)Cancer-0.17KE:777
Increase, Inflammation (corneal cells)
AOP:115Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)Cancer-0.2KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:159Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:173Substance interaction with the pulmonary resident cell membrane components leading to pulmonary fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:175Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:176Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.2KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:192Pendrin inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:193Dual oxidase (DUOX) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:206Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ inactivation leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:280α-diketone-induced bronchiolitis obliteransMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.14KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:328Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)Unclassified-0.2KE:1770
Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential
AOP:363Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.12KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:364Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye sizeUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:365Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterningUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:387Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1770
Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential
AOP:392Decreased fibrinolysis and activated bradykinin system leading to hyperinflammationUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.22KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.14KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.15KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:1262
Apoptosis
KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.11KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.18KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:468Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to hyperinflammation (via cell death)Unclassified-0.12KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.1KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:544Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase leading to delayed neuropathy via increased inflammationNervous System Disease-0.17KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:1262
Apoptosis

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:12Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in agingNervous System Disease; Developmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:13Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilitiesDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:48Binding of agonists to ionotropic glutamate receptors in adult brain causes excitotoxicity that mediates neuronal cell death, contributing to learning and memory impairment.Developmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.11KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:54Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:134Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.22KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:196Volatile Organic Chemicals Activate TRPA1 Receptor to Induce Sensory Pulmonary IrritationRespiratory System Disease-0.11KE:1226
Increased Respiratory irritability and Chronic Cough,
AOP:205AOP from chemical insult to cell deathUnclassified-0.17KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:300Thyroid Receptor Antagonism and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderUnder Development0.2KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:405Organo-Phosphate Chemicals induced inhibition of AChE leading to impaired cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.2KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:442Binding to voltage gate sodium channels during development leads to cognitive impairmentCognitive DisorderUnder Review0.14KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.22KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:475Binding of chemicals to ionotropic glutamate receptors leads to impairment of learning and memory via loss of drebrin from dendritic spines of neuronsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Development0.12KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:483Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory ImpairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Review0.12KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:485Thyroid hormone antagonism leading to impaired oligodendrocyte maturation during development and subsequent decreased cognitionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:486Binding to the extracellular protein laminin leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:402
Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:490Co-activation of IP3R and RyR leads to reduced IQ through non-cholinergic mechanismsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.09KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:499Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter releaseDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.25KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:500Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosisDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.29KE:1262
Apoptosis
KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:520Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.2KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.08KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:533Retinoic acid receptor antagonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.22KE:1262
Apoptosis
KE:341
Impairment, Learning and memory

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:62AKT2 activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.25KE:486
systemic inflammation leading to hepatic steatosis
AOP:128Kidney dysfunction by decreased thyroid hormoneUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.09KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:188Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.4KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:1152
Inhibition, Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD)
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.08KE:1770
Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.