Isopropylparaben

Isopropylparaben



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:7Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult femaleReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:3
Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:23Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:3
Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:25Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:3
Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:54Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:110Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:122Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formationUnclassified-0.2KE:3
Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:123Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcriptionUnclassified-0.18KE:3
Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:128Kidney dysfunction by decreased thyroid hormoneUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.09KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:134Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:159Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:175Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:176Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.2KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:188Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.2KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:192Pendrin inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:193Dual oxidase (DUOX) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:194Hepatic nuclear receptor activation leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.17KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:289Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to impaired fecundity in female fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-0.17KE:3
Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:346Aromatase inhibition leads to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1789
Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by the undifferentiated gonad
AOP:363Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.12KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:364Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye sizeUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:365Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterningUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:366Competitive binding to thyroid hormone carrier protein transthyretin (TTR) leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.14KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:367Competitive binding to thyroid hormone carrier protein thyroid binding globulin (TBG) leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.14KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1971
Increased, tumor growth
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:281
Thyroxine (T4) in serum, Decreased
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.1KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:532Retinoic acid receptor agonism during cerebellar development leading to impaired locomotor functionUnclassified-0.2KE:2229
Cerebellar neuronal differentiation. Decreased
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:3
Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
AOP:549Aromatase inhibition leads to reproductive toxicity (including growth and developmental toxicity) in adult female zebrafishUnclassified-0.12KE:219
Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.25KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder Development0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.