Gentian Violet

Gentian Violet



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:15Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutationsGenetic DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:18PPARα activation in utero leading to impaired fertility in malesReproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.12KE:289Decrease, Translocator protein (TSPO)
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:54Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:1214Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
AOP:110Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:122Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formationUnclassified-0.2KE:799Increased, HIF-1 heterodimer
KE:800Decreased, Aromatase (Cyp19a1) mRNA
AOP:134Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:768Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.25KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:151AhR activation leading to preeclampsiaCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:948reduced production, VEGF
AOP:159Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:175Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:176Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.2KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:191Type III iodotyrosine deiodinase (DIO3) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.5KE:1154Increased, Triiodothyronine (T3) in tissues
KE:1829Altered, Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression
AOP:192Pendrin inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:193Dual oxidase (DUOX) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1280Activation, HIF-1
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1505Cell cycle, disrupted
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:260CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:274Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System Disease-0.25KE:1558Collagen production, reduced
AOP:278IKK complex inhibition leading to liver injuryUnclassified-0.12KE:202Inhibition, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)
AOP:288Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)Endocrine System Disease-0.12KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:322Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm countReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:328Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)Unclassified-0.2KE:1770Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential
AOP:331Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.17KE:1505Cell cycle, disrupted
AOP:332Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.2KE:1505Cell cycle, disrupted
AOP:363Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:364Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye sizeUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:365Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterningUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:387Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1770Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential
AOP:397Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutationsGenetic DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:398Decreased ALDH1A (RALDH) activity leading to decreased fertility via disrupted meiotic initiation of fetal oogoniaReproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1881Decreased, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentration
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:414Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through TGF-β dependent fibrosis toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:1920Altered gene expression, TGF-β dependent fibrosis pathway
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.17KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1923Altered gene expression, P53 dependent apoptosis pathway
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:1917Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
AOP:432Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid LeukemiaHematopoietic System Disease; Cancer-0.09KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:436Inhibition of RALDH2 causes reduced all-trans retinoic acid levels, leading to transposition of the great arteriesCardiovascular System Disease-0.2KE:1881Decreased, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentration
AOP:437Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes leading to kidney toxicityUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:440Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasiaBenign Neoplasm; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer; Endocrine System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:1973Increased, estrogens
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.14KE:1974Activation of Tumor Protein 53
AOP:444Ionizing radiation leads to reduced reproduction in Eisenia fetida via reduced spermatogenesis and cocoon hatchabilityUnclassified-0.11KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.05KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited Metabolic Disorder-0.33KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.22KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.11KE:2043Decrease, Sonic Hedgehog second messenger production
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:464Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficitsNervous System Disease-0.05KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:470Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodelingCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Review0.12KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:479Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stressCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:482Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone lossMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:483Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory ImpairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Review0.12KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:2043Decrease, Sonic Hedgehog second messenger production
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:507Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects via inflammation pathwayCardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:509Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects through activating apoptosis signal pathway and mitochondrial dysfunctionCardiovascular System Disease-0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:510Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.2KE:2165Activation of PPAR
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:233Decreased, PPAR-gamma activation
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.11KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:21Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:947Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality
AOP:150Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGFUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.29KE:947Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality
KE:948reduced production, VEGF
AOP:455Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.17KE:947Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality
AOP:456Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicityUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:947Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:7Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult femaleReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:408reduction in ovarian granulosa cells, Aromatase (Cyp19a1)
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:16Acetylcholinesterase inhibition leading to acute mortalityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.14KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive System Disease-0.4KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:23Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:25Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:36Inhibition, Aromatase
AOP:36Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation Inhibition Leading to SteatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.12KE:233Decreased, PPAR-gamma activation
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:494Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist, Activation
AOP:91Sodium channel inhibition leading to reduced survivalUnclassified-0.17KE:584Inhibition, sodium channel
AOP:93sodium channel inhibition leading to increased predationUnclassified-0.25KE:584Inhibition, sodium channel
AOP:94Sodium channel inhibition leading to congenital malformationsUnclassified-0.17KE:584Inhibition, sodium channel
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.33KE:768Increase, Cytotoxicity
KE:724Inhibition, Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) enzyme
AOP:111Decrease in androgen receptor activity leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)Cancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:117Androgen receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:120Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)Cancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1617Inhibition, 5α-reductase
AOP:123Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcriptionUnclassified-0.36KE:799Increased, HIF-1 heterodimer
KE:801modulation, Unknown
KE:800Decreased, Aromatase (Cyp19a1) mRNA
KE:802Increased, HIF-1 alpha transcription
AOP:128Kidney dysfunction by decreased thyroid hormoneUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.09KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:155Deiodinase 2 inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced posterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1002Inhibition, Deiodinase 2
AOP:156Deiodinase 2 inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1002Inhibition, Deiodinase 2
AOP:188Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.4KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:1152Inhibition, Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD)
AOP:190Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.33KE:1829Altered, Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression
KE:1002Inhibition, Deiodinase 2
AOP:233Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism leading to Analgesia via K Channel OpeningDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.2KE:1425Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism
AOP:234Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism leading to Analgesia via Ca Channel InhibitionDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.2KE:1425Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism
AOP:277Impaired IL-1R1 signaling leading to Impaired T-Cell Dependent Antibody ResponseImmune System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.5KE:1700Impaired IL-1R1 signaling in T cell
KE:202Inhibition, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)
AOP:281Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Leading to NeurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.1KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:289Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to impaired fecundity in female fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:1617Inhibition, 5α-reductase
AOP:300Thyroid Receptor Antagonism and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderUnder Development0.2KE:1656Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.6KE:1617Inhibition, 5α-reductase
KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.75KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:312Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition leading to Acute Mortality via Impaired Coordination & Movement​Unclassified-0.17KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:318Glucocorticoid Receptor activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:122Activation, Glucocorticoid Receptor
AOP:334Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonism Leading to Impaired Fin RegenerationUnclassified-0.17KE:122Activation, Glucocorticoid Receptor
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.75KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.5KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:346Aromatase inhibition leads to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:36Inhibition, Aromatase
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.6KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:376Androgen receptor agonism leading to male-biased sex ratioUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:392Decreased fibrinolysis and activated bradykinin system leading to hyperinflammationUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:1866Fibrinolysis, decreased
AOP:405Organo-Phosphate Chemicals induced inhibition of AChE leading to impaired cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.2KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:411Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:424Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:425Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1Respiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.2KE:1669Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.33KE:1917Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
KE:202Inhibition, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)
KE:1770Decrease, Mitochondrial membrane potential
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:450Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortalityNervous System Disease-0.29KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:477Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspringPhysical Disorder-0.67KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:485Thyroid hormone antagonism leading to impaired oligodendrocyte maturation during development and subsequent decreased cognitionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1656Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.1KE:2126Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.22KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.2KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.25KE:2126Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.31KE:1656Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
KE:2216Binding of antagonist to thyroid hormone receptor
KE:2217Binding of antagonist to glucocorticoid hormone receptor
KE:2220Antagonism, Glucocorticoid hormone receptor
AOP:533Retinoic acid receptor antagonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:2232Antagonism, Retinoic acid receptors
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:545Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesisUnclassified-0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:548Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expressionUnclassified-0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:549Aromatase inhibition leads to reproductive toxicity (including growth and developmental toxicity) in adult female zebrafishUnclassified-0.12KE:36Inhibition, Aromatase
AOP:553Inhibition of Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na⁺ channels) leading to heart failureCardiovascular System Disease-0.25KE:584Inhibition, sodium channel
AOP:559Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to arrhythmiasSymptom-0.2KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:43Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental DefectsUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.4KE:305Inhibition, VegfR2
KE:1001Increased, Developmental Defects
DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.