Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:96Axonal sodium channel modulation leading to acute mortalityUnclassified-0.17KE:602
Increased, Ataxia, paralysis, or hyperactivity
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:113Glutamate-gated chloride channel activation leading to acute mortalityUnclassified-0.17KE:764
N/A, Ataxia, paralysis, or hyperactivity
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748
Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:270Elevated ATP demand for detoxification and repair mechanisms leading to impaired locomotor activityUnclassified-0.12KE:10016
Impaired locomotor activity
AOP:504SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ levelUnclassified-0.33KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:561Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiolUnclassified-0.2KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:16Acetylcholinesterase inhibition leading to acute mortalityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.14KE:12
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.29KE:1064
prepubertal increase, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:281Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Leading to NeurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.1KE:12
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:312Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition leading to Acute Mortality via Impaired Coordination & Movement​Unclassified-0.17KE:12
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:314Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)Immune System Disease; Musculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1710
Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells
AOP:405Organo-Phosphate Chemicals induced inhibition of AChE leading to impaired cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.2KE:12
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:445Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired ReproductionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:450Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortalityNervous System Disease-0.14KE:12
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:503Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulationReproductive System Disease; CancerUnder Review0.17KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:559Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to arrhythmiasSymptom-0.2KE:12
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.