Barium

Barium



Associated curated AOPs from AOP-Wiki
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:1493
Increased Pro-inflammatory mediators
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.12KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:38Protein Alkylation leading to Liver FibrosisGastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:1493
Increased Pro-inflammatory mediators
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:496
Increased apoptosis, decreased fetal/adult Leydig Cells
AOP:96Axonal sodium channel modulation leading to acute mortalityUnclassified-0.17KE:602
Increased, Ataxia, paralysis, or hyperactivity
AOP:113Glutamate-gated chloride channel activation leading to acute mortalityUnclassified-0.17KE:764
N/A, Ataxia, paralysis, or hyperactivity
AOP:114HPPD inhibition leading to corneal papillomas and carcinomas (in rat)Cancer-0.17KE:777
Increase, Inflammation (corneal cells)
AOP:115Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)Cancer-0.2KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:144Endocytic lysosomal uptake leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.11KE:1493
Increased Pro-inflammatory mediators
AOP:173Substance interaction with the pulmonary resident cell membrane components leading to pulmonary fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:206Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ inactivation leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:218Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased locomotor activityUnclassified-0.17KE:1141
Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:219Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased sexual behaviorUnclassified-0.17KE:1141
Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:280α-diketone-induced bronchiolitis obliteransMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.14KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1493
Increased Pro-inflammatory mediators
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1493
Increased Pro-inflammatory mediators
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:431Increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) leading to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:1952
Abnormal, Glucose homeostasis
AOP:432Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid LeukemiaHematopoietic System Disease; Cancer-0.09KE:1493
Increased Pro-inflammatory mediators
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.22KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.14KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:1250
Decrease, Lung function
KE:1262
Apoptosis
KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:2001
Cardiac hypertrophy
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.11KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.18KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:470Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodelingCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Review0.12KE:1493
Increased Pro-inflammatory mediators
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:500Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosisDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.14KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.11KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1493
Increased Pro-inflammatory mediators
AOP:544Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase leading to delayed neuropathy via increased inflammationNervous System Disease-0.17KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:1262
Apoptosis

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:6Antagonist binding to PPARα leading to body-weight lossSymptomWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:864
Decreased, Body Weight
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.25KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:148EGFR Activation Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:1250
Decrease, Lung function
AOP:196Volatile Organic Chemicals Activate TRPA1 Receptor to Induce Sensory Pulmonary IrritationRespiratory System Disease-0.11KE:1226
Increased Respiratory irritability and Chronic Cough,
AOP:2035-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibition leading to decreased reproductive success and population declineReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1141
Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:205AOP from chemical insult to cell deathUnclassified-0.17KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:260CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1514
Neurodegeneration
AOP:302Lung surfactant function inhibition leading to decreased lung functionRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1250
Decrease, Lung function
AOP:392Decreased fibrinolysis and activated bradykinin system leading to hyperinflammationUnclassifiedUnder Development0.4KE:1868
Hyperinflammation
KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:406SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to hyperinflammationUnclassified-0.17KE:1868
Hyperinflammation
AOP:411Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1250
Decrease, Lung function
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:1250
Decrease, Lung function
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.5KE:1250
Decrease, Lung function
KE:1262
Apoptosis
AOP:424Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1250
Decrease, Lung function
AOP:425Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1Respiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1250
Decrease, Lung function
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:2119
Insulin resistance, increased
AOP:468Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to hyperinflammation (via cell death)Unclassified-0.25KE:1868
Hyperinflammation
KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder Development0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.3KE:2129
Metabolically unhealthy Obesity
KE:1497
Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
KE:2119
Insulin resistance, increased
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.25KE:2145
Metabolic syndrome
KE:2119
Insulin resistance, increased
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.4KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:62AKT2 activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.25KE:486
systemic inflammation leading to hepatic steatosis

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.