Chromium

Chromium



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:4Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to incomplete ecdysis associated mortalityUnclassified-0.2KE:1264Increase, Nuclear receptor E75b gene expression
KE:1265Increase, Fushi tarazu factor-1 gene expression
AOP:7Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult femaleReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:12Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in agingNervous System Disease; Developmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:381Reduced levels of BDNF
AOP:13Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilitiesDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:381Reduced levels of BDNF
AOP:16Acetylcholinesterase inhibition leading to acute mortalityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.14KE:445Respiratory distress/arrest
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:18PPARα activation in utero leading to impaired fertility in malesReproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.38KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
KE:266Decrease, Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR)
KE:289Decrease, Translocator protein (TSPO)
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:21Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1269Increase, COX-2 expression
AOP:23Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.3KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:25Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.38KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:30Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:34LXR activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.15KE:54Up Regulation, CD36
KE:258Activation, SCD-1
AOP:36Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation Inhibition Leading to SteatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.12KE:140Decreased, HSD17B10 expression
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:853Changes/Inhibition, Cellular Homeostasis and Apoptosis
KE:139N/A, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatopathy, including a constellation of observable effects
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:54Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:381Reduced levels of BDNF
AOP:58NR1I3 (CAR) suppression leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.19KE:462Up Regulation, SCD-1
KE:463Up Regulation, FAS
KE:54Up Regulation, CD36
AOP:60NR1I2 (Pregnane X Receptor, PXR) activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.33KE:462Up Regulation, SCD-1
KE:474Down Regulation, HMGCS2
KE:54Up Regulation, CD36
KE:472Down Regulation, CPT1A
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive System Disease-0.29KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
KE:496Increased apoptosis, decreased fetal/adult Leydig Cells
AOP:94Sodium channel inhibition leading to congenital malformationsUnclassified-0.17KE:445Respiratory distress/arrest
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:1214Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:749Decreased, Progesterone from corpus luteum
AOP:120Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)Cancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
AOP:122Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formationUnclassified-0.4KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:799Increased, HIF-1 heterodimer
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:123Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcriptionUnclassified-0.45KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:802Increased, HIF-1 alpha transcription
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
KE:799Increased, HIF-1 heterodimer
AOP:124HMG-CoA reductase inhibition leading to decreased fertilityReproductive System Disease-0.33KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
KE:807Decreased, cholesterol
AOP:128Kidney dysfunction by decreased thyroid hormoneUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.09KE:825Decreased, Renal ability to dilute urine
AOP:131Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyriaInherited Metabolic DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:850Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5
AOP:134Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:148EGFR Activation Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:962Increase, Mucin production
AOP:150Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGFUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:948reduced production, VEGF
AOP:151AhR activation leading to preeclampsiaCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:948reduced production, VEGF
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.14KE:1066Promotion, SIX-1 postive basal-type progenitor cells
AOP:201Juvenile hormone receptor agonism leading to male offspring induction associated population declineUnclassified-0.17KE:1206Induction, Doublesex1 gene
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:213Inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)Gastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:216Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA strand breaks and follicular atresiaUnclassified-0.17KE:1444Increase, Follicular atresia
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.6KE:1393Hepatocytotoxicity
KE:1394Induction, persistent proliferation/sustained proliferation
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:260CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:275Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to neural tube defectsNeural Tube Defect-0.2KE:1239Altered, Gene Expression
AOP:288Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)Endocrine System Disease-0.12KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
AOP:289Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to impaired fecundity in female fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:299Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and follicular atresiaUnclassified-0.29KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1444Increase, Follicular atresia
AOP:300Thyroid Receptor Antagonism and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderUnder Development0.2KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:309Luteinizing hormone receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.29KE:1693Reduction, Plasma progesterone concentration
KE:1692Reduction, Progesterone synthesis
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-0.25KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:311Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and oocyte apoptosisUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:323PPARalpha Agonism Leading to Decreased Viable Offspring via Decreased 11-KetotestosteroneUnclassified-0.17KE:807Decreased, cholesterol
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:346Aromatase inhibition leads to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1789Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by the undifferentiated gonad
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:379Binding to ACE2 leading to thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulationCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1869Diminished protective oxidative stress response
AOP:382Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonism leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:383Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:386Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesisReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:387Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:406SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to hyperinflammationUnclassified-0.17KE:1869Diminished protective oxidative stress response
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:413Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:437Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes leading to kidney toxicityUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.22KE:1971Increased, tumor growth
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.14KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.1KE:1554Increase Chromosomal Aberrations
AOP:444Ionizing radiation leads to reduced reproduction in Eisenia fetida via reduced spermatogenesis and cocoon hatchabilityUnclassified-0.11KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:450Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortalityNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.18KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:455Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.33KE:2020Decrease, sox9 expression
KE:2021Increase, slincR expression
AOP:456Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicityUnclassifiedUnder Review0.33KE:2020Decrease, sox9 expression
KE:2021Increase, slincR expression
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.33KE:850Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5
KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.22KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:2040Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression
AOP:464Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficitsNervous System Disease-0.05KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:2050Increase, developmental abnormalities
AOP:467Knickkopf leading to mortalityUnclassified-0.11KE:2050Increase, developmental abnormalities
AOP:470Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodelingCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Review0.25KE:2244Altered Stress Response Signaling
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:1636Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:479Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stressCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:482Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone lossMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:483Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory ImpairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Review0.25KE:2244Altered Stress Response Signaling
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:492Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stressReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.22KE:1183Decreased, Apoptosis (Epithelial Cells)
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.4KE:2137Increase, Gonadotropins concentration in plasma
KE:1690Decrease, circulating testosterone levels
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:500Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosisDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.29KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:507Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects via inflammation pathwayCardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:509Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects through activating apoptosis signal pathway and mitochondrial dysfunctionCardiovascular System Disease-0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:510Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.1KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:54Up Regulation, CD36
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.29KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:529Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) causes dysregulation of lipid metabolism and subsequent liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.12KE:2224Dysregulation of transcriptional expression within PPAR signaling network
AOP:533Retinoic acid receptor antagonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:1239Altered, Gene Expression
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.22KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:307Increase, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:307Increase, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:549Aromatase inhibition leads to reproductive toxicity (including growth and developmental toxicity) in adult female zebrafishUnclassified-0.12KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:569Decreased DNA methylation of FAM50B/PTCHD3 leading to IQ loss of children via PI3K-Akt pathwayDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:6Antagonist binding to PPARα leading to body-weight lossSymptomWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:864Decreased, Body Weight
AOP:40Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin SensitisationIntegumentary System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:827sensitisation, skin
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.25KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:205AOP from chemical insult to cell deathUnclassified-0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:245Reduction in photophosphorylation leading to growth inhibition in aquatic plantsUnclassified-0.09KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.29KE:1556Increase, lung cancer
KE:1636Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
AOP:286Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-0.25KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:287Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)Unclassified-0.25KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:290Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-0.25KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:291Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)Unclassified-0.25KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1193N/A, Breast Cancer
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1193N/A, Breast Cancer
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1636Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.29KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:384Hyperactivation of ACE/Ang-II/AT1R axis leading to chronic kidney diseaseUrinary System Disease-0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1603Chronic kidney disease
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:431Increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) leading to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.4KE:1953Gestational diabetes mellitus
KE:1952Abnormal, Glucose homeostasis
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.22KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited Metabolic Disorder-0.33KE:2119Insulin resistance, increased
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder Development0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.2KE:2129Metabolically unhealthy Obesity
KE:2119Insulin resistance, increased
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.38KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:2119Insulin resistance, increased
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.67KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:885Increase, Cancer
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.38KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:288Activation of specific nuclear receptors, Transcriptional change
KE:41Inhibition, Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)
AOP:69Modulation of Adult Leydig Cell Function Subsequent to Decreased Cholesterol Synthesis or Transport in the Adult Leydig CellReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:642Decreased Cholesterol, Decreased De Novo Biosynthesis of Choleseterol
AOP:118Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.25KE:786Increase, Cytotoxicity (hepatocytes)
AOP:209Perturbation of cholesterol and glutathione homeostasis leading to hepatotoxicity: Integrated multi-OMICS approach for building AOPGastrointestinal System Disease-0.38KE:1287Glutathione synthesis
KE:1286Down Regulation, GSS and GSTs gene
KE:1284Up Regulation, SREBF2
AOP:282Adverse outcome pathway on photochemical toxicity initiated by light exposureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:298Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to human treatment-resistant gastric cancer via chronic ROSCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1753Chronic reactive oxygen species
AOP:327Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (1)Unclassified-0.4KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1769Increase, Body fluid overload
AOP:328Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:329Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (3)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:330Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:411Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:423Toxicological mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis through the PARP1 dependent cell death pathwayUnclassified-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:424Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:425Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1Respiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:1239Altered, Gene Expression
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.15KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.27KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.15KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.22KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.43KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1869Diminished protective oxidative stress response
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.33KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:2040Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.56KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.15KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1392Oxidative Stress

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:263Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.5KE:1521Decrease, Growth
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:264Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via ATP depletion associated cell deathUnclassifiedUnder Development0.5KE:1521Decrease, Growth
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:265Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via increased cytosolic calciumUnclassifiedUnder Development0.5KE:1521Decrease, Growth
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:266Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased Na-K ATPase activityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.33KE:1521Decrease, Growth
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:267Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletionUnclassifiedUnder Development0.6KE:1521Decrease, Growth
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
KE:2071Decrease, Glucose pool
AOP:268Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via mitochondrial swellingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.5KE:1521Decrease, Growth
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:324Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell deathUnclassified-0.5KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:325Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.5KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:326Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via protein oxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.5KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:331Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:332Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.4KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1521Decrease, Growth
AOP:333Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylationUnclassified-0.6KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1521Decrease, Growth
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.6KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:885Increase, Cancer
KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.4KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:885Increase, Cancer
DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.