Selenium

Selenium



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:4Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to incomplete ecdysis associated mortalityUnclassified-0.2KE:1264Increase, Nuclear receptor E75b gene expression
KE:1265Increase, Fushi tarazu factor-1 gene expression
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:12Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in agingNervous System Disease; Developmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:381Reduced levels of BDNF
AOP:13Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilitiesDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:381Reduced levels of BDNF
AOP:15Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutationsGenetic DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:18PPARα activation in utero leading to impaired fertility in malesReproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.25KE:266Decrease, Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR)
KE:289Decrease, Translocator protein (TSPO)
AOP:21Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.4KE:317Altered, Cardiovascular development/function
KE:1269Increase, COX-2 expression
AOP:23Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:25Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:288Activation of specific nuclear receptors, Transcriptional change
AOP:30Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:34LXR activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.15KE:54Up Regulation, CD36
KE:258Activation, SCD-1
AOP:36Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation Inhibition Leading to SteatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.25KE:327Accumulation, Fatty acid
KE:140Decreased, HSD17B10 expression
AOP:37PPARα activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rodentsCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:39Covalent Binding, Protein, leading to Increase, Allergic Respiratory Hypersensitivity ResponseRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:272Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:40Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin SensitisationIntegumentary System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:272Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:853Changes/Inhibition, Cellular Homeostasis and Apoptosis
KE:139N/A, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatopathy, including a constellation of observable effects
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:54Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:381Reduced levels of BDNF
AOP:58NR1I3 (CAR) suppression leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.25KE:462Up Regulation, SCD-1
KE:327Accumulation, Fatty acid
KE:463Up Regulation, FAS
KE:54Up Regulation, CD36
AOP:60NR1I2 (Pregnane X Receptor, PXR) activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.42KE:54Up Regulation, CD36
KE:462Up Regulation, SCD-1
KE:327Accumulation, Fatty acid
KE:474Down Regulation, HMGCS2
KE:472Down Regulation, CPT1A
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:496Increased apoptosis, decreased fetal/adult Leydig Cells
AOP:80Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to accumulation of damaged mitochondrial DNA and leads to colony loss/failureUnclassified-0.12KE:664Overwhelmed, Mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms
AOP:100Cyclooxygenase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via inhibition of female spawning behaviorReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:672Reduced, Prostaglandin F2alpha synthesis, ovary
AOP:101Cyclooxygenase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via inhibition of pheromone releaseReproductive System Disease-0.14KE:681Decreased, Prostaglandin F2alpha synthesis, ovary
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:1214Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:768Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:110Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:739Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:114HPPD inhibition leading to corneal papillomas and carcinomas (in rat)Cancer-0.17KE:778Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (corneal cells)
AOP:115Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)Cancer-0.2KE:781Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (forestomach epithelial cells)
AOP:117Androgen receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:739Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:121Urinary bladder calculi leading to urothelial papillomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Urinary System Disease-0.2KE:795Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:122Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formationUnclassified-0.2KE:799Increased, HIF-1 heterodimer
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:123Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcriptionUnclassified-0.27KE:799Increased, HIF-1 heterodimer
KE:802Increased, HIF-1 alpha transcription
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:131Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyriaInherited Metabolic DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:850Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5
AOP:134Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.29KE:768Increase, Cytotoxicity
KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:148EGFR Activation Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:962Increase, Mucin production
AOP:149Peptide Oxidation Leading to HypertensionCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.1KE:933KE6 : Depletion, Nitric Oxide
AOP:150Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGFUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.29KE:317Altered, Cardiovascular development/function
KE:948reduced production, VEGF
AOP:151AhR activation leading to preeclampsiaCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:948reduced production, VEGF
AOP:164Beta-2 adrenergic agonist activity leading to mesovarian leiomyomas in the rat and mouseCancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.17KE:1042Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, smooth muscle
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.29KE:1066Promotion, SIX-1 postive basal-type progenitor cells
KE:1067Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, aberrant basal cells
AOP:201Juvenile hormone receptor agonism leading to male offspring induction associated population declineUnclassified-0.17KE:1206Induction, Doublesex1 gene
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.38KE:1281Increased, DNA Damage-Repair
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:213Inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)Gastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:218Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased locomotor activityUnclassified-0.17KE:1141Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:219Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased sexual behaviorUnclassified-0.17KE:1141Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.4KE:1393Hepatocytotoxicity
KE:1394Induction, persistent proliferation/sustained proliferation
AOP:245Reduction in photophosphorylation leading to growth inhibition in aquatic plantsUnclassified-0.09KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:258Renal protein alkylation leading to kidney toxicityUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.29KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:275Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to neural tube defectsNeural Tube Defect-0.2KE:1239Altered, Gene Expression
AOP:286Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-0.5KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:287Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)Unclassified-0.25KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:290Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-0.5KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:291Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)Unclassified-0.25KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:299Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and follicular atresiaUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:300Thyroid Receptor Antagonism and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderUnder Development0.2KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.29KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-0.08KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:311Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and oocyte apoptosisUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:321Reduced environmental pH leading to thinner shells in Mytilus edulisUnclassified-0.09KE:10042Abnormal development
AOP:323PPARalpha Agonism Leading to Decreased Viable Offspring via Decreased 11-KetotestosteroneUnclassified-0.17KE:807Decreased, cholesterol
AOP:335AOP for urothelial carcinogenesis due to chemical cytotoxicity by mitochondrial impairmentCancer; Urinary System Disease-0.2KE:795Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:379Binding to ACE2 leading to thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulationCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1869Diminished protective oxidative stress response
AOP:382Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonism leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:383Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:386Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesisReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:387Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.25KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:397Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutationsGenetic DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:399Inhibition of Fyna leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (Microphthalmos)Unclassified-0.12KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:406SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to hyperinflammationUnclassified-0.17KE:1869Diminished protective oxidative stress response
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:414Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through TGF-β dependent fibrosis toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:1920Altered gene expression, TGF-β dependent fibrosis pathway
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:432Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid LeukemiaHematopoietic System Disease; Cancer-0.18KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.14KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.1KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.22KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:455Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.33KE:2020Decrease, sox9 expression
KE:2021Increase, slincR expression
AOP:456Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicityUnclassifiedUnder Review0.5KE:2020Decrease, sox9 expression
KE:317Altered, Cardiovascular development/function
KE:2021Increase, slincR expression
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.22KE:756Hippocampal gene expression, Altered
KE:850Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.33KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:2040Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:2050Increase, developmental abnormalities
AOP:467Knickkopf leading to mortalityUnclassified-0.11KE:2050Increase, developmental abnormalities
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:479Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stressCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1532Decrease, Cardiac contractility
AOP:480Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to heart failure via decreased ATP productionCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.4KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
KE:1532Decrease, Cardiac contractility
AOP:492Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stressReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.1KE:2125Increased fat mass
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.22KE:1183Decreased, Apoptosis (Epithelial Cells)
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.1KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:500Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosisDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.29KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:54Up Regulation, CD36
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:529Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) causes dysregulation of lipid metabolism and subsequent liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.25KE:327Accumulation, Fatty acid
KE:2224Dysregulation of transcriptional expression within PPAR signaling network
AOP:533Retinoic acid receptor antagonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:1239Altered, Gene Expression
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.11KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:307Increase, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:307Increase, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:564DBDPE-induced inhibition of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ leading to population decline via neurotoxicity and metabotoxicity.Unclassified-0.09KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:569Decreased DNA methylation of FAM50B/PTCHD3 leading to IQ loss of children via PI3K-Akt pathwayDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:6Antagonist binding to PPARα leading to body-weight lossSymptomWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:864Decreased, Body Weight
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive System Disease-0.4KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:337N/A, Impairment of reproductive capacity
AOP:124HMG-CoA reductase inhibition leading to decreased fertilityReproductive System Disease-0.33KE:330Decrease, Fertility
KE:807Decreased, cholesterol
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.5KE:885Increase, Cancer
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:2035-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibition leading to decreased reproductive success and population declineReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1141Decreased, Reproductive Success
AOP:205AOP from chemical insult to cell deathUnclassified-0.33KE:1263Necrosis
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:261L-type calcium channel blockade leading to heart failure via decrease in cardiac contractilityCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:1532Decrease, Cardiac contractility
KE:1535Heart failure
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.22KE:1193N/A, Breast Cancer
KE:1182Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.22KE:1193N/A, Breast Cancer
KE:1182Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:322Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm countReproductive System Disease-0.4KE:1757Reduce, Sperm count
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:384Hyperactivation of ACE/Ang-II/AT1R axis leading to chronic kidney diseaseUrinary System Disease-0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1603Chronic kidney disease
AOP:394SARS-CoV-2 infection of olfactory epithelium leading to impaired olfactory function (short-term anosmia)Endocrine System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1873impaired olfactory function (anosmia)
AOP:431Increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) leading to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:1953Gestational diabetes mellitus
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.08KE:759Increased, Kidney Failure
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder Development0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:2145Metabolic syndrome
AOP:498Increased LCN2/iron complex leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:2150Neurological disorder
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:2150Neurological disorder
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.5KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:885Increase, Cancer
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:539Decreased Sodium/Potassium ATPase activity leads to Heart failureCardiovascular System Disease-0.14KE:1535Heart failure
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:550Increased LMNA gene mutation leading to heart failureCardiovascular System Disease-0.2KE:1535Heart failure
AOP:552Inhibiton of L-Type Calcium Channels leading to heart failure via QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP)Cardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:1535Heart failure
AOP:553Inhibition of Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na⁺ channels) leading to heart failureCardiovascular System Disease-0.5KE:1532Decrease, Cardiac contractility
KE:1535Heart failure
AOP:555Inhibition, Ether-a-go-go (ERG) Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel leading to heart failureCardiovascular System Disease-0.2KE:1535Heart failure
AOP:556Decreased Na/K ATPase activity leading to heart failureCardiovascular System Disease-0.33KE:1532Decrease, Cardiac contractility
KE:1535Heart failure
AOP:558Phosphodiesterase inhibition leading to heart failureCardiovascular System Disease-0.33KE:1532Decrease, Cardiac contractility
KE:1535Heart failure

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:16Acetylcholinesterase inhibition leading to acute mortalityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.14KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:69Modulation of Adult Leydig Cell Function Subsequent to Decreased Cholesterol Synthesis or Transport in the Adult Leydig CellReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:642Decreased Cholesterol, Decreased De Novo Biosynthesis of Choleseterol
AOP:118Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.5KE:786Increase, Cytotoxicity (hepatocytes)
KE:787Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:209Perturbation of cholesterol and glutathione homeostasis leading to hepatotoxicity: Integrated multi-OMICS approach for building AOPGastrointestinal System Disease-0.38KE:1287Glutathione synthesis
KE:1286Down Regulation, GSS and GSTs gene
KE:1284Up Regulation, SREBF2
AOP:263Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.75KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:264Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via ATP depletion associated cell deathUnclassifiedUnder Development0.5KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:265Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via increased cytosolic calciumUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:266Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased Na-K ATPase activityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.33KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:267Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletionUnclassifiedUnder Development0.4KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:268Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via mitochondrial swellingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:281Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Leading to NeurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.1KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:282Adverse outcome pathway on photochemical toxicity initiated by light exposureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:298Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to human treatment-resistant gastric cancer via chronic ROSCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1753Chronic reactive oxygen species
AOP:312Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition leading to Acute Mortality via Impaired Coordination & Movement​Unclassified-0.17KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:324Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:325Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:326Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via protein oxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:327Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (1)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:328Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)Unclassified-0.4KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:329Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (3)Unclassified-0.4KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:330Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:331Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.33KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:332Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.4KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:333Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylationUnclassified-0.8KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
KE:1446Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:405Organo-Phosphate Chemicals induced inhibition of AChE leading to impaired cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.2KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:413Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failureUnclassified-0.67KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:926Oxidation, Glutathione (To be considered with MIE)
KE:1607Increase, Necrosis
KE:759Increased, Kidney Failure
AOP:423Toxicological mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis through the PARP1 dependent cell death pathwayUnclassified-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1919Increased, Cardiac Dysregulation
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.15KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:1239Altered, Gene Expression
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:450Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortalityNervous System Disease-0.14KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.18KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.29KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1869Diminished protective oxidative stress response
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.5KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:2040Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1262Apoptosis
KE:285Reduction, Vitellogenin synthesis in liver
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:559Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to arrhythmiasSymptom-0.2KE:12Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Inhibition

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.22KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:759Increased, Kidney Failure
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.4KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.4KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:885Increase, Cancer
DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.