Fluorene

Fluorene



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.14KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:190Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.17KE:1829
Altered, Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression
AOP:191Type III iodotyrosine deiodinase (DIO3) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.5KE:1154
Increased, Triiodothyronine (T3) in tissues
KE:1829
Altered, Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:260CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.17KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1923
Altered gene expression, P53 dependent apoptosis pathway
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:1917
Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
AOP:437Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes leading to kidney toxicityUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:440Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasiaBenign Neoplasm; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer; Endocrine System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:1973
Increased, estrogens
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.14KE:1974
Activation of Tumor Protein 53
AOP:444Ionizing radiation leads to reduced reproduction in Eisenia fetida via reduced spermatogenesis and cocoon hatchabilityUnclassified-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.05KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:450Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortalityNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:464Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficitsNervous System Disease-0.05KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748
Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:470Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodelingCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Review0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.1KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:479Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stressCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:482Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone lossMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:483Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory ImpairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Review0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:507Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects via inflammation pathwayCardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:509Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects through activating apoptosis signal pathway and mitochondrial dysfunctionCardiovascular System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:510Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.1KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.08KE:1656
Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:504SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ levelUnclassified-0.33KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:561Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiolUnclassified-0.2KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:60NR1I2 (Pregnane X Receptor, PXR) activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.08KE:245
Activation, PXR/SXR
AOP:300Thyroid Receptor Antagonism and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderUnder Development0.2KE:1656
Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:411Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:424Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:425Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1Respiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.1KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:445Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired ReproductionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.17KE:1917
Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:485Thyroid hormone antagonism leading to impaired oligodendrocyte maturation during development and subsequent decreased cognitionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1656
Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:503Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulationReproductive System Disease; CancerUnder Review0.17KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:520Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.2KE:2201
Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:523Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to microcephalyCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.2KE:2201
Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:532Retinoic acid receptor agonism during cerebellar development leading to impaired locomotor functionUnclassified-0.2KE:2201
Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:545Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesisUnclassified-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:548Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expressionUnclassified-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.