Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.12KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:115Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)Cancer-0.2KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.14KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:206Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ inactivation leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:280α-diketone-induced bronchiolitis obliteransMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.14KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:362Immune mediated hepatitisGastrointestinal System Disease; Immune System Disease-0.12KE:1633
Increase in inflammation
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.05KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.08KE:1633
Increase in inflammation
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748
Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.1KE:1633
Increase in inflammation
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:544Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase leading to delayed neuropathy via increased inflammationNervous System Disease-0.17KE:149
Increase, Inflammation

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:504SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ levelUnclassified-0.33KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:561Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiolUnclassified-0.2KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:445Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired ReproductionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:503Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulationReproductive System Disease; CancerUnder Review0.17KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms

AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.