Naphthalene

Naphthalene



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:12Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in agingNervous System Disease; Developmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:13Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilitiesDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:15Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutationsGenetic DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.12KE:288Activation of specific nuclear receptors, Transcriptional change
AOP:37PPARα activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rodentsCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:38Protein Alkylation leading to Liver FibrosisGastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:39Covalent Binding, Protein, leading to Increase, Allergic Respiratory Hypersensitivity ResponseRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:272Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:40Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin SensitisationIntegumentary System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:272Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:854Alterations, Cellular proliferation / hyperplasia
AOP:48Binding of agonists to ionotropic glutamate receptors in adult brain causes excitotoxicity that mediates neuronal cell death, contributing to learning and memory impairment.Developmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.11KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:80Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to accumulation of damaged mitochondrial DNA and leads to colony loss/failureUnclassified-0.12KE:664Overwhelmed, Mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms
AOP:105Alpha2u-microglobulin cytotoxicity leading to renal tubular adenomas and carcinomas (in male rat)Cancer; Urinary System Disease-0.17KE:710Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (tubular epithelial cells)
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:768Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:109Cytotoxicity leading to bronchioloalveolar adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse)Cancer; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:734Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells)
AOP:110Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:739Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:114HPPD inhibition leading to corneal papillomas and carcinomas (in rat)Cancer-0.17KE:778Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (corneal cells)
AOP:115Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)Cancer-0.2KE:781Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (forestomach epithelial cells)
AOP:116Cytotoxicity leading to renal tubular adenomas and carcinomas (in male rat)Cancer; Urinary System Disease-0.25KE:710Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (tubular epithelial cells)
AOP:117Androgen receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:118Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.25KE:787Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:739Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:121Urinary bladder calculi leading to urothelial papillomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Urinary System Disease-0.2KE:795Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.29KE:768Increase, Cytotoxicity
KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:144Endocytic lysosomal uptake leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.11KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:164Beta-2 adrenergic agonist activity leading to mesovarian leiomyomas in the rat and mouseCancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.17KE:1042Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, smooth muscle
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.29KE:1067Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, aberrant basal cells
KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:194Hepatic nuclear receptor activation leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.17KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1281Increased, DNA Damage-Repair
AOP:209Perturbation of cholesterol and glutathione homeostasis leading to hepatotoxicity: Integrated multi-OMICS approach for building AOPGastrointestinal System Disease-0.12KE:1287Glutathione synthesis
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1505Cell cycle, disrupted
AOP:245Reduction in photophosphorylation leading to growth inhibition in aquatic plantsUnclassified-0.09KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:258Renal protein alkylation leading to kidney toxicityUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:263Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.5KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:264Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via ATP depletion associated cell deathUnclassifiedUnder Development0.5KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:265Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via increased cytosolic calciumUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:266Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased Na-K ATPase activityUnclassifiedUnder Development0.33KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:267Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletionUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:268Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via mitochondrial swellingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:278IKK complex inhibition leading to liver injuryUnclassified-0.12KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:281Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Leading to NeurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.1KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:286Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-0.5KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:287Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)Unclassified-0.5KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:290Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-0.5KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:291Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)Unclassified-0.5KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1182Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1182Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:322Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm countReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:324Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:325Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:326Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via protein oxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:328Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)Unclassified-0.2KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:329Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (3)Unclassified-0.2KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:331Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.33KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1505Cell cycle, disrupted
AOP:332Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.4KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1505Cell cycle, disrupted
AOP:333Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylationUnclassified-0.4KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1771Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:335AOP for urothelial carcinogenesis due to chemical cytotoxicity by mitochondrial impairmentCancer; Urinary System Disease-0.2KE:795Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:368Cytochrome oxidase inhibition leading to increased nasal lesionsUnclassified-0.33KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:387Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:397Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutationsGenetic DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:399Inhibition of Fyna leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (Microphthalmos)Unclassified-0.12KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:410GSK3beta inactivation leading to increased mortality via defects in developing inner earUnclassified-0.1KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:413Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:1607Increase, Necrosis
AOP:432Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid LeukemiaHematopoietic System Disease; Cancer-0.18KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:440Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasiaBenign Neoplasm; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer; Endocrine System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:1973Increased, estrogens
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.2KE:1554Increase Chromosomal Aberrations
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.05KE:1250Decrease, Lung function
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.08KE:1097Occurrence, renal proximal tubular necrosis
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.11KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:464Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficitsNervous System Disease-0.05KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:468Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to hyperinflammation (via cell death)Unclassified-0.12KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.22KE:1825Increase, Cell death
KE:1097Occurrence, renal proximal tubular necrosis
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:479Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stressCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:480Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to heart failure via decreased ATP productionCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:482Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone lossMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:490Co-activation of IP3R and RyR leads to reduced IQ through non-cholinergic mechanismsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.09KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:494AhR activation leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.22KE:854Alterations, Cellular proliferation / hyperplasia
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.1KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:530Endocytotic lysosomal uptake leads to intestinal barrier disruptionGastrointestinal System Disease-0.2KE:55Increase, Cell injury/death
AOP:564DBDPE-induced inhibition of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ leading to population decline via neurotoxicity and metabotoxicity.Unclassified-0.09KE:40Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:573Inhibition, cytochrome oxidase leads to Increased, pulmonary edemaRespiratory System Disease-0.33KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:574Inhibition, cytochrome oxidase leads to Loss of olfactory functionUnclassified-0.33KE:1825Increase, Cell death

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:6Antagonist binding to PPARα leading to body-weight lossSymptomWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:864Decreased, Body Weight
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.5KE:885Increase, Cancer
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:148EGFR Activation Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:1250Decrease, Lung function
AOP:205AOP from chemical insult to cell deathUnclassified-0.17KE:1263Necrosis
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.43KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:1556Increase, lung cancer
KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:302Lung surfactant function inhibition leading to decreased lung functionRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1250Decrease, Lung function
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.29KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:411Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1250Decrease, Lung function
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.17KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.4KE:1250Decrease, Lung function
KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.5KE:1250Decrease, Lung function
KE:1923Altered gene expression, P53 dependent apoptosis pathway
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.5KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:424Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1250Decrease, Lung function
AOP:425Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1Respiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1250Decrease, Lung function
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.22KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
KE:1670Lung cancer
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:2034liver dysfunction
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder Development0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:504SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ levelUnclassified-0.33KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:561Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiolUnclassified-0.2KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:445Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired ReproductionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:503Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulationReproductive System Disease; CancerUnder Review0.17KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:520Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.2KE:2201Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:523Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to microcephalyCongenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease-0.2KE:2201Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:532Retinoic acid receptor agonism during cerebellar development leading to impaired locomotor functionUnclassified-0.2KE:2201Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.