Associated High Confidence AOPs |
---|
AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOP:8 | Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Nervous System Disease | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:295 | Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity |
AOP:15 | Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutations | Genetic Disease | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.25 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
AOP:54 | Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairment | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.1 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:80 | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to accumulation of damaged mitochondrial DNA and leads to colony loss/failure | Unclassified | - | 0.12 | KE:664 | Overwhelmed, Mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms |
AOP:107 | Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the rat | Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease | Under Review | 0.2 | KE:1214 | Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes |
AOP:110 | Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse) | Cancer; Endocrine System Disease | - | 0.14 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:111 | Decrease in androgen receptor activity leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat) | Cancer; Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:754 | Increased, Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
AOP:112 | Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat) | Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | - | 0.17 | KE:111 | Agonism, Estrogen receptor |
AOP:120 | Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat) | Cancer; Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:791 | Increased, Leutinizing hormone (LH) |
AOP:134 | Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Cognitive Disorder | - | 0.11 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:136 | Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal Tumors | Benign Neoplasm; Respiratory System Disease | Under Review | 0.14 | KE:768 | Increase, Cytotoxicity |
AOP:176 | Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:188 | Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:192 | Pendrin inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:193 | Dual oxidase (DUOX) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:194 | Hepatic nuclear receptor activation leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis | Unclassified | - | 0.17 | KE:295 | Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity |
AOP:207 | NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegans | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.12 | KE:1281 | Increased, DNA Damage-Repair |
AOP:263 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferation | Unclassified | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.25 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:267 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletion | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:274 | Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to impeded craniofacial development | Musculoskeletal System Disease | - | 0.25 | KE:1557 | Neural crest cell migration, reduced |
AOP:286 | Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1) | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:290 | Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1) | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:304 | TBX1 inhibition leading to congenital cardiac conotruncal anomalies | Cardiovascular System Disease | - | 0.17 | KE:1681 | Disruption, Neural crest cell migration |
AOP:331 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferation | Unclassified | - | 0.17 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:332 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferation | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:333 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:348 | Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase leading to decreased population trajectory | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:406 | decreased, Fertility |
AOP:349 | Inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase leading to decresed population trajectory | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.12 | KE:406 | decreased, Fertility |
AOP:397 | Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutations | Genetic Disease | Under Development | 0.33 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
AOP:399 | Inhibition of Fyna leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (Microphthalmos) | Unclassified | - | 0.12 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:409 | Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesothelioma | Cancer | - | 0.12 | KE:1669 | Increased, DNA damage and mutation |
AOP:432 | Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Hematopoietic System Disease; Cancer | - | 0.09 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
AOP:436 | Inhibition of RALDH2 causes reduced all-trans retinoic acid levels, leading to transposition of the great arteries | Cardiovascular System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:1557 | Neural crest cell migration, reduced |
AOP:441 | Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiation | Congenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease | - | 0.14 | KE:1974 | Activation of Tumor Protein 53 |
AOP:446 | PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systems | Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.1 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:165 | Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes | |||||
AOP:457 | Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxine | Inherited Metabolic Disorder | - | 0.17 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:460 | Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial clefting | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP:465 | Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunction | Unclassified | - | 0.12 | KE:748 | Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity |
AOP:478 | Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataracts | Nervous System Disease; Monogenic Disease | Under Review | 0.2 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
KE:1636 | Increase, Chromosomal aberrations | |||||
AOP:491 | Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial clefting | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.17 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOP:7 | Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult female | Reproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease | Under Review | 0.2 | KE:406 | decreased, Fertility |
AOP:18 | PPARα activation in utero leading to impaired fertility in males | Reproductive System Disease | Under Review | 0.12 | KE:406 | decreased, Fertility |
AOP:43 | Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental Defects | Unclassified | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.2 | KE:1001 | Increased, Developmental Defects |
AOP:64 | Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male Fertility | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.29 | KE:406 | decreased, Fertility |
KE:520 | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility | |||||
AOP:124 | HMG-CoA reductase inhibition leading to decreased fertility | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.17 | KE:330 | Decrease, Fertility |
AOP:139 | Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1 | Cancer | - | 0.5 | KE:885 | Increase, Cancer |
KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair | |||||
AOP:272 | Deposition of energy leading to lung cancer | Cancer | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.43 | KE:1556 | Increase, lung cancer |
KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair | |||||
KE:1636 | Increase, Chromosomal aberrations | |||||
AOP:293 | Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancer | Genetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; Cancer | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:1193 | N/A, Breast Cancer |
AOP:294 | Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancer | Genetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; Cancer | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:1193 | N/A, Breast Cancer |
AOP:296 | Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutations | Genetic Disease; Chromosomal Disease | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.4 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
KE:1636 | Increase, Chromosomal aberrations | |||||
AOP:303 | Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancer | Cancer | Under Development | 0.29 | KE:1669 | Increased, DNA damage and mutation |
KE:1670 | Lung cancer | |||||
AOP:322 | Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm count | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.4 | KE:1757 | Reduce, Sperm count |
KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair | |||||
AOP:345 | Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in females | Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease | Under Development | 0.17 | KE:406 | decreased, Fertility |
AOP:398 | Decreased ALDH1A (RALDH) activity leading to decreased fertility via disrupted meiotic initiation of fetal oogonia | Reproductive System Disease | Under Development | 0.17 | KE:406 | decreased, Fertility |
AOP:451 | Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancer | Cancer | - | 0.22 | KE:1669 | Increased, DNA damage and mutation |
KE:1670 | Lung cancer | |||||
AOP:463 | The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicity | Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.09 | KE:2034 | liver dysfunction |
AOP:474 | Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMT | Cancer | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:885 | Increase, Cancer |
AOP:492 | Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stress | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:406 | decreased, Fertility |
AOP:504 | SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ level | Unclassified | - | 0.33 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
AOP:505 | Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathway | Cancer | - | 0.2 | KE:885 | Increase, Cancer |
AOP:513 | Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway | Cancer | - | 0.2 | KE:885 | Increase, Cancer |
AOP:534 | Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stress | Cancer | - | 0.17 | KE:885 | Increase, Cancer |
AOP:546 | Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanisms | Cancer | - | 0.2 | KE:885 | Increase, Cancer |
AOP:561 | Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOP:30 | Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunction | Unclassified | Under Review | 0.17 | KE:112 | Antagonism, Estrogen receptor |
AOP:41 | Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver Tumours | Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease | Under Review | 0.2 | KE:165 | Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes |
AOP:42 | Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Cognitive Disorder | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.25 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition | |||||
AOP:108 | Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat) | Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.33 | KE:768 | Increase, Cytotoxicity |
KE:724 | Inhibition, Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) enzyme | |||||
AOP:119 | Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse) | Cancer; Endocrine System Disease | - | 0.29 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition | |||||
AOP:128 | Kidney dysfunction by decreased thyroid hormone | Urinary System Disease | Under Development | 0.09 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
AOP:131 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyria | Inherited Metabolic Disorder | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.33 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:850 | Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5 | |||||
AOP:151 | AhR activation leading to preeclampsia | Cardiovascular System Disease | Under Development | 0.14 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
AOP:159 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation | Unclassified | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.25 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition | |||||
AOP:167 | Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse. | Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | - | 0.29 | KE:1064 | prepubertal increase, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity |
KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha | |||||
AOP:175 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis | Unclassified | - | 0.5 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition | |||||
AOP:271 | Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fish | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.4 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition | |||||
AOP:310 | Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHR | Unclassified | - | 0.08 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
AOP:314 | Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Immune System Disease; Musculoskeletal System Disease | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:1710 | Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells |
AOP:363 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structure | Unclassified | Under Review | 0.25 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition | |||||
AOP:364 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye size | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.25 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition | |||||
AOP:365 | Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterning | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.25 | KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased |
KE:279 | Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition | |||||
AOP:414 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through TGF-β dependent fibrosis toxicity pathway | Musculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
AOP:415 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through IL-6 toxicity pathway | Musculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
AOP:418 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathway | Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.4 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:17 | Altered gene expression, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-dependent pathway | |||||
AOP:419 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathway | Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.5 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:1923 | Altered gene expression, P53 dependent apoptosis pathway | |||||
AOP:439 | Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancer | Thoracic Disease; Cancer | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
AOP:440 | Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasia | Benign Neoplasm; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer; Endocrine System Disease | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:1046 | Suppression, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity |
AOP:443 | DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast Cancer | Thoracic Disease; Cancer | Under Development | 0.4 | KE:1669 | Increased, DNA damage and mutation |
KE:1554 | Increase Chromosomal Aberrations | |||||
KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair | |||||
KE:112 | Antagonism, Estrogen receptor | |||||
AOP:445 | Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired Reproduction | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.12 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
AOP:458 | AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Cognitive Disorder | - | 0.25 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:295 | Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity | |||||
AOP:459 | AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Cognitive Disorder | - | 0.33 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:277 | Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased | |||||
KE:850 | Induction, CYP1A2/CYP1A5 | |||||
AOP:493 | ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesity | Acquired Metabolic Disease | - | 0.1 | KE:2126 | Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation |
AOP:494 | AhR activation leading to liver fibrosis | Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.17 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
AOP:497 | ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome | Inherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism | - | 0.12 | KE:2126 | Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation |
AOP:503 | Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulation | Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | Under Review | 0.17 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
AOP:525 | Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memory | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | - | 0.08 | KE:2216 | Binding of antagonist to thyroid hormone receptor |
AOP:536 | Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failure | Unclassified | - | 0.17 | KE:111 | Agonism, Estrogen receptor |
AOP:537 | Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liver | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:111 | Agonism, Estrogen receptor |
AOP:563 | Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosis | Reproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease | - | 0.17 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOP:21 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2 | Unclassified | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.4 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:947 | Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality | |||||
AOP:150 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGF | Unclassified | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.29 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:947 | Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality | |||||
AOP:416 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathway | Cancer | - | 0.5 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:1670 | Lung cancer | |||||
KE:1669 | Increased, DNA damage and mutation | |||||
AOP:417 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathway | Cancer | - | 0.8 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:17 | Altered gene expression, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-dependent pathway | |||||
KE:1670 | Lung cancer | |||||
KE:1669 | Increased, DNA damage and mutation | |||||
AOP:420 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathway | Cancer | - | 0.5 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:1670 | Lung cancer | |||||
AOP:455 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial development | Musculoskeletal System Disease | Under Review | 0.33 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:947 | Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality | |||||
AOP:456 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicity | Unclassified | Under Review | 0.33 | KE:18 | Activation, AhR |
KE:947 | Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality |
TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.