4-Methylbenzenamine

4-Methylbenzenamine



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:1214
Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:768
Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:768
Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:1636
Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.1KE:1554
Increase Chromosomal Aberrations
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.1KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:165
Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.1KE:1636
Increase, Chromosomal aberrations

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1395
Liver Cancer
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1636
Increase, Chromosomal aberrations

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:21Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:165
Activation, Long term AHR receptor driven direct and indirect gene expression changes
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:131Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to uroporphyriaInherited Metabolic DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:150Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGFUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:151AhR activation leading to preeclampsiaCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:159Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:175Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-0.08KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:363Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:364Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye sizeUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:365Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterningUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:414Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through TGF-β dependent fibrosis toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:415Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung fibrosis through IL-6 toxicity pathwayMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.2KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.4KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:17
Altered gene expression, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-dependent pathway
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.4KE:18
Activation, AhR
KE:17
Altered gene expression, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT)-dependent pathway
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:455Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:456Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced cardiovascular toxicityUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:494AhR activation leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:545Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesisUnclassified-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:548Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expressionUnclassified-0.2KE:239
Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:18
Activation, AhR

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.