Ethylparaben

Ethylparaben



Associated curated AOPs from AOP-Wiki
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:288
Activation of specific nuclear receptors, Transcriptional change
AOP:39Covalent Binding, Protein, leading to Increase, Allergic Respiratory Hypersensitivity ResponseRespiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:272
Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:40Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin SensitisationIntegumentary System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:272
Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:58NR1I3 (CAR) suppression leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.06KE:457
Activation, SREBF1
AOP:62AKT2 activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.25KE:457
Activation, SREBF1
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:716
Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:110Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:739
Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:114HPPD inhibition leading to corneal papillomas and carcinomas (in rat)Cancer-0.17KE:778
Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (corneal cells)
AOP:115Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)Cancer-0.4KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
KE:781
Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (forestomach epithelial cells)
AOP:117Androgen receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.25KE:716
Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:118Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.25KE:787
Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:739
Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:121Urinary bladder calculi leading to urothelial papillomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Urinary System Disease-0.2KE:795
Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:870
Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:164Beta-2 adrenergic agonist activity leading to mesovarian leiomyomas in the rat and mouseCancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.17KE:1042
Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, smooth muscle
AOP:206Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ inactivation leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:209Perturbation of cholesterol and glutathione homeostasis leading to hepatotoxicity: Integrated multi-OMICS approach for building AOPGastrointestinal System Disease-0.12KE:1289
Perturbation of cholesterol
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:870
Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:280α-diketone-induced bronchiolitis obliteransMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.14KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1182
Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1182
Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:870
Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:335AOP for urothelial carcinogenesis due to chemical cytotoxicity by mitochondrial impairmentCancer; Urinary System Disease-0.2KE:795
Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.2KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:870
Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:870
Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:432Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid LeukemiaHematopoietic System Disease; Cancer-0.09KE:870
Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.1KE:112
Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.05KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:870
Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:2009
Activation of inflammation pathway
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748
Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.1KE:870
Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.11KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.1KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:149
Increase, Inflammation
AOP:507Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects via inflammation pathwayCardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:2009
Activation of inflammation pathway
AOP:510Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.1KE:2165
Activation of PPAR
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:2009
Activation of inflammation pathway
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:2009
Activation of inflammation pathway
AOP:544Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase leading to delayed neuropathy via increased inflammationNervous System Disease-0.17KE:149
Increase, Inflammation

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive System Disease-0.4KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:337
N/A, Impairment of reproductive capacity
AOP:43Disruption of VEGFR Signaling Leading to Developmental DefectsUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1001
Increased, Developmental Defects
AOP:124HMG-CoA reductase inhibition leading to decreased fertilityReproductive System Disease-0.17KE:330
Decrease, Fertility
AOP:504SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ levelUnclassified-0.33KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:561Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiolUnclassified-0.2KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:18PPARα activation in utero leading to impaired fertility in malesReproductive System DiseaseUnder Review0.12KE:227
Activation, PPARα
AOP:30Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:112
Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:37PPARα activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rodentsCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.4KE:227
Activation, PPARα
KE:716
Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.43KE:1064
prepubertal increase, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
KE:1067
Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, aberrant basal cells
KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:269Elevated ATP demand for detoxification and repair mechanisms leading to impaired growth and developmentUnclassified-0.17KE:10008
Increased transcription for detoxification and repair mechanism
AOP:270Elevated ATP demand for detoxification and repair mechanisms leading to impaired locomotor activityUnclassified-0.12KE:10008
Increased transcription for detoxification and repair mechanism
AOP:314Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)Immune System Disease; Musculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1710
Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells
AOP:323PPARalpha Agonism Leading to Decreased Viable Offspring via Decreased 11-KetotestosteroneUnclassified-0.17KE:227
Activation, PPARα
AOP:440Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasiaBenign Neoplasm; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer; Endocrine System DiseaseUnder Development0.22KE:1973
Increased, estrogens
KE:1046
Suppression, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:445Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired ReproductionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.1KE:2126
Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.12KE:2126
Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:503Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulationReproductive System Disease; CancerUnder Review0.17KE:1065
Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.23KE:2115
Altered, cholesterol metabolism
KE:2220
Antagonism, Glucocorticoid hormone receptor
KE:2217
Binding of antagonist to glucocorticoid hormone receptor
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.