Chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.12KE:288
Activation of specific nuclear receptors, Transcriptional change
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.17KE:768
Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:768
Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:190Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.17KE:1829
Altered, Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression
AOP:191Type III iodotyrosine deiodinase (DIO3) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.5KE:1154
Increased, Triiodothyronine (T3) in tissues
KE:1829
Altered, Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression
AOP:288Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)Endocrine System Disease-0.12KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.4KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:398Decreased ALDH1A (RALDH) activity leading to decreased fertility via disrupted meiotic initiation of fetal oogoniaReproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1881
Decreased, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentration
AOP:436Inhibition of RALDH2 causes reduced all-trans retinoic acid levels, leading to transposition of the great arteriesCardiovascular System Disease-0.2KE:1881
Decreased, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentration
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.1KE:112
Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.11KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）Unclassified-0.1KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:510Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.1KE:2165
Activation of PPAR
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.08KE:1656
Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive System Disease-0.4KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:30Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedUnder Review0.17KE:112
Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:111Decrease in androgen receptor activity leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)Cancer; Reproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:300Thyroid Receptor Antagonism and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderUnder Development0.2KE:1656
Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.75KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.75KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System DiseaseUnder Development0.5KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.6KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
KE:286
Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:477Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspringPhysical Disorder-0.67KE:1614
Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26
Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:485Thyroid hormone antagonism leading to impaired oligodendrocyte maturation during development and subsequent decreased cognitionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1656
Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired Metabolic Disease-0.1KE:2126
Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.12KE:2126
Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.