C.I. Solvent Yellow 1

C.I. Solvent Yellow 1



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:15Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutationsGenetic DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:34LXR activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.08KE:116
Activation, FAS
AOP:54Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.1KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.2KE:1214
Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
AOP:110Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.14KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive System Disease; Cancer-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:134Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.11KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign Neoplasm; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:768
Increase, Cytotoxicity
AOP:176Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.2KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:188Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.2KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:192Pendrin inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:193Dual oxidase (DUOX) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:206Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ inactivation leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1271
Activation of TGF-β signaling
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:260CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegenerationNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.29KE:1636
Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:347Toll-like receptor 4 activation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inactivation leading to pulmonary fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease-0.11KE:1283
Activation, TGF-beta pathway
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.17KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:417Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:1917
Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
AOP:437Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes leading to kidney toxicityUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:444Ionizing radiation leads to reduced reproduction in Eisenia fetida via reduced spermatogenesis and cocoon hatchabilityUnclassified-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.05KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:449Ceramide synthase inhibition leading to neural tube defectsNeural Tube Defect-0.14KE:1502
Histone deacetylase inhibition
AOP:450Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortalityNervous System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory System Disease-0.09KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited Metabolic Disorder-0.33KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.22KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:464Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficitsNervous System Disease-0.05KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:470Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodelingCardiovascular System DiseaseUnder Review0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.3KE:185
Increase, Mutations
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
KE:1636
Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
AOP:479Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stressCardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic DiseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:482Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone lossMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:483Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory ImpairmentDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental HealthUnder Review0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:490Co-activation of IP3R and RyR leads to reduced IQ through non-cholinergic mechanismsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.09KE:2124
increased, Bax expression
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.12KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:507Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects via inflammation pathwayCardiovascular System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:509Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects through activating apoptosis signal pathway and mitochondrial dysfunctionCardiovascular System Disease-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:510Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.1KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.12KE:2171
Activated BMP/TGF-beta pathway
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.14KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive System Disease; Endocrine System Disease-0.17KE:2124
increased, Bax expression

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.5KE:885
Increase, Cancer
KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic Disease; Thoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.4KE:185
Increase, Mutations
KE:1636
Increase, Chromosomal aberrations
AOP:397Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutationsGenetic DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder Development0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.4KE:885
Increase, Cancer
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.5KE:1553
Increase mutations
KE:885
Increase, Cancer
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-0.2KE:885
Increase, Cancer

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.12KE:41
Inhibition, Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive DisorderWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.33KE:768
Increase, Cytotoxicity
KE:724
Inhibition, Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) enzyme
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine System Disease-0.29KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:128Kidney dysfunction by decreased thyroid hormoneUrinary System DiseaseUnder Development0.09KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:159Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:175Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.5KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:209Perturbation of cholesterol and glutathione homeostasis leading to hepatotoxicity: Integrated multi-OMICS approach for building AOPGastrointestinal System Disease-0.12KE:1286
Down Regulation, GSS and GSTs gene
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.17KE:1502
Histone deacetylase inhibition
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder Development0.4KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:274Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System Disease-0.25KE:1502
Histone deacetylase inhibition
AOP:275Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to neural tube defectsNeural Tube Defect-0.2KE:1502
Histone deacetylase inhibition
AOP:288Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)Endocrine System Disease-0.12KE:1609
Inhibition, Cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP17A1) activity
AOP:363Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:364Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye sizeUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:365Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterningUnclassifiedUnder Development0.25KE:277
Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:279
Thyroperoxidase, Inhibition
AOP:411Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.25KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:424Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunctionRespiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:425Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1Respiratory System Disease-0.17KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:431Increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) leading to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.2KE:1950
Increase, TNF
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.3KE:1669
Increased, DNA damage and mutation
KE:1554
Increase Chromosomal Aberrations
KE:185
Increase, Mutations
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary System Disease-0.17KE:1917
Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:1392
Oxidative Stress
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.23KE:2220
Antagonism, Glucocorticoid hormone receptor
KE:2217
Binding of antagonist to glucocorticoid hormone receptor
KE:2216
Binding of antagonist to thyroid hormone receptor
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111
Agonism, Estrogen receptor

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
Glossary of Terms
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
MIE
Molecular Initiating Event
KE
Key Event
AO
Adverse Outcome
Coverage score
The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints
Level of relevance
Qualitative rank based on the kind of associated KEs within the corresponding AOP
AO classification
The disease category corresponding to the AO in the AOP obtained from Disease Ontology
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DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.