Phenanthrene

Phenanthrene



Associated High Confidence AOPs
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Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous System DiseaseUnder Development0.11KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:15Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutationsGenetic DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.4KE:853Changes/Inhibition, Cellular Homeostasis and Apoptosis
KE:139N/A, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatopathy, including a constellation of observable effects
AOP:80Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to accumulation of damaged mitochondrial DNA and leads to colony loss/failureUnclassified-0.12KE:664Overwhelmed, Mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-0.25KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:194Hepatic nuclear receptor activation leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-0.17KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive System Disease-0.25KE:1281Increased, DNA Damage-Repair
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:213Inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)Gastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:263Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.25KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:267Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletionUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.14KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:286Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-0.25KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:290Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-0.25KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:296Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutationsGenetic Disease; Chromosomal DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.2KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:299Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and follicular atresiaUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder Development0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:311Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and oocyte apoptosisUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:321Reduced environmental pH leading to thinner shells in Mytilus edulisUnclassified-0.09KE:10042Abnormal development
AOP:322Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm countReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:382Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonism leading to lung fibrosisMusculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:383Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leading to liver fibrosisGastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Development0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:386Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesisReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:387Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunctionReproductive System Disease-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:397Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutationsGenetic DiseaseUnder Development0.33KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:399Inhibition of Fyna leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (Microphthalmos)Unclassified-0.12KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:413Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:416Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:432Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid LeukemiaHematopoietic System Disease; Cancer-0.09KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic Disease; CancerUnder Development0.1KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-0.11KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:458AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive Disorder-0.12KE:295Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.11KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous System Disease; Monogenic DiseaseUnder Review0.1KE:155Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder Development0.17KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:492Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stressReproductive System Disease-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism-0.12KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:500Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosisDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:569Decreased DNA methylation of FAM50B/PTCHD3 leading to IQ loss of children via PI3K-Akt pathwayDevelopmental Disorder Of Mental Health-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:6Antagonist binding to PPARĪ± leading to body-weight lossSymptomWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.12KE:864Decreased, Body Weight
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseWPHA/WNT Endorsed0.4KE:1393Hepatocytotoxicity
KE:1395Liver Cancer
AOP:269Elevated ATP demand for detoxification and repair mechanisms leading to impaired growth and developmentUnclassified-0.17KE:10013Impaired growth and development
AOP:274Histone deacetylase inhibition leads to impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System Disease-0.25KE:1559Facial cartilage structures are reduced in size and morphologically distorted
AOP:384Hyperactivation of ACE/Ang-II/AT1R axis leading to chronic kidney diseaseUrinary System Disease-0.33KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
KE:1603Chronic kidney disease
AOP:455Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality via sox9 repression induced impeded craniofacial developmentMusculoskeletal System DiseaseUnder Review0.17KE:1559Facial cartilage structures are reduced in size and morphologically distorted
AOP:498Increased LCN2/iron complex leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:2150Neurological disorder
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous System Disease-0.25KE:2150Neurological disorder

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Coverage Score KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:118Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease-0.25KE:786Increase, Cytotoxicity (hepatocytes)
AOP:282Adverse outcome pathway on photochemical toxicity initiated by light exposureUnclassifiedUnder Review0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:298Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to human treatment-resistant gastric cancer via chronic ROSCancer; Gastrointestinal System DiseaseUnder Review0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:324Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:325Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:326Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via protein oxidation and cell deathUnclassified-0.25KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:327Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (1)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:328Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:329Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (3)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:330Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4)Unclassified-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:331Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.33KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:332Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.4KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:333Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylationUnclassified-0.4KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:423Toxicological mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis through the PARP1 dependent cell death pathwayUnclassified-0.17KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory System Disease-0.05KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal System Disease-0.09KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary System Disease-0.11KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive Disorder-0.14KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular System Disease-0.06KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-0.2KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.11KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular System Disease-0.08KE:1115Increase, Reactive oxygen species

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
DISCLAIMER

TICToK is a database of tattoo ink chemicals compiled from different regulatory resources. The authors are not liable for any inaccuracies or omissions of any chemicals in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.