Thymol
| Associated High Confidence AOPs |
|---|
Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 1
AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO
| AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOP:15 | Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutations | Genetic Disease | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.25 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:18 | PPARα activation in utero leading to impaired fertility in males | Reproductive System Disease | Under Review | 0.12 | KE:289 | Decrease, Translocator protein (TSPO) |
| AOP:27 | Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11) | Gastrointestinal System Disease | Under Development | 0.12 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:112 | Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat) | Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | - | 0.17 | KE:111 | Agonism, Estrogen receptor |
| AOP:139 | Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1 | Cancer | - | 0.25 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:167 | Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse. | Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | - | 0.14 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
| AOP:207 | NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegans | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.12 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:213 | Inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) | Gastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder | - | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:245 | Reduction in photophosphorylation leading to growth inhibition in aquatic plants | Unclassified | - | 0.09 | KE:40 | Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production |
| AOP:258 | Renal protein alkylation leading to kidney toxicity | Urinary System Disease | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:40 | Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production |
| AOP:263 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferation | Unclassified | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.5 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool | |||||
| AOP:264 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via ATP depletion associated cell death | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.25 | KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool |
| AOP:266 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased Na-K ATPase activity | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.17 | KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool |
| AOP:267 | Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletion | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| AOP:272 | Deposition of energy leading to lung cancer | Cancer | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.14 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:286 | Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1) | Unclassified | - | 0.5 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool | |||||
| AOP:287 | Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2) | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool |
| AOP:290 | Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1) | Unclassified | - | 0.5 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool | |||||
| AOP:291 | Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2) | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool |
| AOP:296 | Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutations | Genetic Disease; Chromosomal Disease | WPHA/WNT Endorsed | 0.2 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:299 | Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and follicular atresia | Unclassified | - | 0.14 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:303 | Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancer | Cancer | Under Development | 0.14 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:311 | Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and oocyte apoptosis | Unclassified | - | 0.14 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:322 | Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm count | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:382 | Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonism leading to lung fibrosis | Musculoskeletal System Disease; Respiratory System Disease | Under Development | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:383 | Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leading to liver fibrosis | Gastrointestinal System Disease | Under Development | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:386 | Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesis | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.12 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:387 | Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunction | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.25 | KE:40 | Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production |
| KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species | |||||
| AOP:397 | Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutations | Genetic Disease | Under Development | 0.33 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:399 | Inhibition of Fyna leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (Microphthalmos) | Unclassified | - | 0.12 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| AOP:409 | Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesothelioma | Cancer | - | 0.12 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:413 | Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failure | Unclassified | - | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:416 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathway | Cancer | - | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:418 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathway | Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:419 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathway | Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.25 | KE:1923 | Altered gene expression, P53 dependent apoptosis pathway |
| AOP:420 | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathway | Cancer | - | 0.25 | KE:1917 | Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway |
| AOP:432 | Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Hematopoietic System Disease; Cancer | - | 0.09 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:440 | Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasia | Benign Neoplasm; Endocrine System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Reproductive System Disease; Cancer; Endocrine System Disease | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:1973 | Increased, estrogens |
| AOP:441 | Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiation | Congenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease | - | 0.14 | KE:1974 | Activation of Tumor Protein 53 |
| AOP:443 | DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast Cancer | Thoracic Disease; Cancer | Under Development | 0.1 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:451 | Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancer | Cancer | - | 0.11 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:460 | Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial clefting | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| AOP:465 | Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunction | Unclassified | - | 0.12 | KE:748 | Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity |
| AOP:478 | Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataracts | Nervous System Disease; Monogenic Disease | Under Review | 0.1 | KE:155 | Inadequate DNA repair |
| AOP:480 | Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to heart failure via decreased ATP production | Cardiovascular System Disease; Thoracic Disease | Under Development | 0.2 | KE:40 | Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production |
| AOP:491 | Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial clefting | Unclassified | Under Development | 0.17 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| AOP:492 | Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stress | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:497 | ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome | Inherited Metabolic Disorder; Disease Of Metabolism | - | 0.12 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:500 | Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | - | 0.14 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:521 | Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stress | Unclassified | - | 0.14 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:534 | Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stress | Cancer | - | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:564 | DBDPE-induced inhibition of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ leading to population decline via neurotoxicity and metabotoxicity. | Unclassified | - | 0.09 | KE:40 | Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production |
| AOP:569 | Decreased DNA methylation of FAM50B/PTCHD3 leading to IQ loss of children via PI3K-Akt pathway | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | - | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 2
AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE
| AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOP:384 | Hyperactivation of ACE/Ang-II/AT1R axis leading to chronic kidney disease | Urinary System Disease | - | 0.33 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| KE:1603 | Chronic kidney disease | |||||
| AOP:504 | SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ level | Unclassified | - | 0.33 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
| AOP:561 | Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 3
AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO
| AOP Identifier | AOP Title | AO Classification | OECD Status | Coverage Score | KE Identifier | KE Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOP:8 | Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals | Nervous System Disease | Under Development | 0.11 | KE:239 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 |
| AOP:60 | NR1I2 (Pregnane X Receptor, PXR) activation leading to hepatic steatosis | Gastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder | - | 0.08 | KE:245 | Activation, PXR/SXR |
| AOP:282 | Adverse outcome pathway on photochemical toxicity initiated by light exposure | Unclassified | Under Review | 0.25 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:298 | Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to human treatment-resistant gastric cancer via chronic ROS | Cancer; Gastrointestinal System Disease | Under Review | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:324 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell death | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:325 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell death | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:326 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via protein oxidation and cell death | Unclassified | - | 0.25 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:327 | Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (1) | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:328 | Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2) | Unclassified | - | 0.4 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool | |||||
| AOP:329 | Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (3) | Unclassified | - | 0.4 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool | |||||
| AOP:330 | Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4) | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:331 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferation | Unclassified | - | 0.33 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species | |||||
| AOP:332 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferation | Unclassified | - | 0.4 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species | |||||
| AOP:333 | Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation | Unclassified | - | 0.6 | KE:1821 | Decrease, Cell proliferation |
| KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species | |||||
| KE:1771 | Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool | |||||
| AOP:423 | Toxicological mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis through the PARP1 dependent cell death pathway | Unclassified | - | 0.17 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:438 | reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality | Cardiovascular System Disease | - | 0.08 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:445 | Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired Reproduction | Reproductive System Disease | - | 0.12 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
| AOP:446 | PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systems | Respiratory System Disease | - | 0.05 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:447 | Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways | Urinary System Disease | - | 0.08 | KE:1917 | Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway |
| AOP:448 | ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality | Cardiovascular System Disease | - | 0.06 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:453 | Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general population | Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.08 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:463 | The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicity | Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.09 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:469 | Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation population | Gastrointestinal System Disease | - | 0.08 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:472 | DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failure | Urinary System Disease | - | 0.11 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:488 | Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive function | Cognitive Disorder | - | 0.14 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:503 | Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulation | Reproductive System Disease; Cancer | Under Review | 0.17 | KE:1065 | Activation, estrogen receptor alpha |
| AOP:505 | Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathway | Cancer | - | 0.2 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:511 | The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effects | Cardiovascular System Disease | - | 0.06 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:513 | Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway | Cancer | - | 0.2 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:517 | Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosis | Gastrointestinal System Disease; Inherited Metabolic Disorder | - | 0.2 | KE:239 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 |
| AOP:520 | Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memory | Developmental Disorder Of Mental Health | - | 0.2 | KE:2201 | Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor |
| AOP:523 | Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to microcephaly | Congenital Nervous System Abnormality; Nervous System Disease | - | 0.2 | KE:2201 | Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor |
| AOP:532 | Retinoic acid receptor agonism during cerebellar development leading to impaired locomotor function | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:2201 | Agonism, Retinoic acid receptor |
| AOP:536 | Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failure | Unclassified | - | 0.17 | KE:111 | Agonism, Estrogen receptor |
| AOP:537 | Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liver | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:111 | Agonism, Estrogen receptor |
| AOP:540 | Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin Production | Unclassified | - | 0.11 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:541 | Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switching | Cardiovascular System Disease | - | 0.08 | KE:1115 | Increase, Reactive oxygen species |
| AOP:545 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesis | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:239 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 |
| AOP:548 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expression | Unclassified | - | 0.2 | KE:239 | Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 |
No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5
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DISCLAIMER
TICToK is a knowledgebase of chemicals found in tattoo inks, compiled from publicly available regulatory and scientific resources. The chemical classifications presented in this knowledgebase are derived from multiple publicly available resources and are provided solely for informational purposes, and they are neither authoritative nor binding. The chemical-AOP mappings compiled in this knowledgebase serve as plausible hypotheses for research, and further experimental validation is required to definitively establish these potential toxicity mechanisms. The authors bear no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inconsistencies originating from these external sources. Users are advised to exercise independent judgment when interpreting chemical classifications and any other data provided in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on tattoo ink chemicals is to enable future basic research on this topic, and it does not necessarily reflect the views or objectives of our employers or funders.