2,4-Dichlorophenol


Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 1 AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO

AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Taxonomic applicability Coverage Score The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints. KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:17Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memoryDevelopmental disorder of mental healthWPHA/WNT EndorsedRat, Mouse, Human0.1KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:23Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT EndorsedPimephales promelas0.2KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
AOP:25Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT EndorsedFathead minnow, Medaka, Zebrafish0.25KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive system disease; Cancer-Rattus norvegicus0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:122Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF1 heterodimer formationUnclassified-Pimephales promelas0.2KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
AOP:123Unknown MIE leading to reproductive dysfunction via increased HIF-1alpha transcriptionUnclassified-Pimephales promelas0.18KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive system disease; Cancer-Mouse, Homo sapiens0.14KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:207NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegansReproductive system disease-Caenorhabditis elegans0.12KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:212Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophyReproductive system diseaseWPHA/WNT EndorsedRat, Human, Mouse0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:219Inhibition of CYP7B activity leads to decreased reproductive success via decreased sexual behaviorUnclassified-Japanese quail, Cynops pyrrhogaster0.17KE:1390Sexual behavior, decreased
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal system diseaseWPHA/WNT EndorsedRodents, Homo sapiens0.2KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:260CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegenerationNervous system disease-Human0.29KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1513General Apoptosis
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentFish0.2KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:287Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)Unclassified-Lemna minor, Daphnia magna, Danio rerio0.25KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:289Inhibition of 5α-reductase leading to impaired fecundity in female fishUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentFish0.17KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:291Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)Unclassified-Daphnia magna0.25KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:310Embryonic Activation of the AHR leading to Reproductive failure, via epigenetic down-regulation of GnRHRUnclassified-Zebrafish0.17KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
AOP:322Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm countReproductive system disease-0.2KE:1365Increase, Apoptosis
AOP:330Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4)Unclassified-Daphnia magna0.2KE:1365Increase, Apoptosis
AOP:337DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (2)Unclassified-Daphnia magna0.12KE:1776Increase, Ovarian somatic cell apoptosis
AOP:339DNA methyltransferase inhibition leading to population decline (4)Unclassified-0.12KE:1776Increase, Ovarian somatic cell apoptosis
AOP:346Aromatase inhibition leads to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT EndorsedZebrafish, Oreochromis niloticus, Chinook salmon, Fathead minnow, European sea bass0.2KE:1789Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by the undifferentiated gonad
AOP:348Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase leading to decreased population trajectoryUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentFish0.2KE:406decreased, Fertility
AOP:349Inhibition of 11β-hydroxylase leading to decresed population trajectoryUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentFish0.12KE:406decreased, Fertility
AOP:362Immune mediated hepatitisGastrointestinal system disease; Immune system disease-Homo sapiens, Rat0.12KE:1817Apoptotic cell death
AOP:368Cytochrome oxidase inhibition leading to increased nasal lesionsUnclassified-Rodents, Human0.33KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:388Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via programmed cell deathReproductive system disease-Lemna minor0.2KE:1864Increase, Programmed cell death
AOP:410GSK3beta inactivation leading to increased mortality via defects in developing inner earUnclassified-Zebrafish0.1KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:418Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathwayRespiratory system disease-0.2KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:419Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathwayRespiratory system disease-0.25KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:1917Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
AOP:437Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes leading to kidney toxicityUrinary system diseaseUnder Development0.2KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:438reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular system disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic disease; CancerUnder DevelopmentHumans, Mice0.11KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital nervous system abnormality; Nervous system disease-Homo sapiens, Mus musculus musculus, Rattus norvegicus0.14KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:443DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast CancerThoracic disease; CancerUnder DevelopmentHuman and other cells in culture, Human, Mice, Rat, Canine heartworm nematode, Yeast0.1KE:112Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:444Ionizing radiation leads to reduced reproduction in Eisenia fetida via reduced spermatogenesis and cocoon hatchabilityUnclassified-0.22KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1365Increase, Apoptosis
AOP:446PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systemsRespiratory system disease-0.1KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:448ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortalityCardiovascular system disease-0.06KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:450Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortalityNervous system disease-Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:452Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicityRespiratory system disease-0.18KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:453Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general populationGastrointestinal system disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited metabolic disorder-Human0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive disorder-Human, Mouse, Rat0.11KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentMouse0.11KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:463The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicityGastrointestinal system disease-0.18KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:464Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficitsNervous system disease-0.11KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:468Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to hyperinflammation (via cell death)Unclassified-0.12KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:469Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation populationGastrointestinal system disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:470Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodelingCardiovascular system diseaseUnder ReviewHuman, Rat, Mouse, Rabbit0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:2244Altered Stress Response Signaling
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous system disease; Monogenic diseaseUnder ReviewHuman, Mouse, Rat, Rhesus monkeys, Rabbit, Guinea pig0.1KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:479Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stressCardiovascular system disease; Thoracic diseaseUnder Development0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:482Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone lossMusculoskeletal system diseaseUnder ReviewHuman, Mouse, Rat, Rhesus monkeys0.29KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:483Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory ImpairmentDevelopmental disorder of mental healthUnder ReviewMouse, Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Pigs, Cow, Human0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:2244Altered Stress Response Signaling
AOP:488Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive functionCognitive disorder-Human0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentMouse0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction (in zebrafish)Unclassified-Zebrafish0.1KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:500Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosisDevelopmental disorder of mental health-Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens0.14KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:501Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disordersNervous system disease-Homo sapiens0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-Human, Mouse, Rat0.4KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1513General Apoptosis
AOP:507Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects via inflammation pathwayCardiovascular system disease-Mouse, Zebrafish, Human0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:509Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects through activating apoptosis signal pathway and mitochondrial dysfunctionCardiovascular system disease-0.29KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1365Increase, Apoptosis
AOP:510Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular system disease-Human, Mouse, Zebrafish0.1KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular system disease-Human, Mouse, Zebrafish0.06KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-Human, Mouse, Rat0.2KE:1513General Apoptosis
AOP:521Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stressUnclassified-Murinae gen. sp.0.14KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-Vertebrates0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:535Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairmentsDevelopmental disorder of mental health-Mouse, Human0.22KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:540Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin ProductionUnclassified-0.33KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:541Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switchingCardiovascular system disease-0.08KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:549Aromatase inhibition leads to reproductive toxicity (including growth and developmental toxicity) in adult female zebrafishUnclassified-0.12KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
AOP:550Increased LMNA gene mutation leading to heart failureCardiovascular system disease-Human, Mouse, Rat0.2KE:2066Altered Signaling Pathways
AOP:563Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosisReproductive system disease; Endocrine system disease-Rat, Mouse, Zebra fish, Human0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:573Inhibition, cytochrome oxidase leads to Increased, pulmonary edemaRespiratory system disease-Rodents, Humans0.33KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:574Inhibition, cytochrome oxidase leads to Loss of olfactory functionUnclassified-Rodents, Humans0.33KE:1825Increase, Cell death

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 2 AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE

AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Taxonomic applicability Coverage Score The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints. KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:7Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to impaired fertility in adult femaleReproductive system disease; Endocrine system disease; Reproductive system diseaseUnder ReviewRat, Mouse, Human0.6KE:219Reduction, Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations
KE:3Reduction, 17beta-estradiol synthesis by ovarian granulosa cells
KE:406decreased, Fertility
AOP:18PPARα activation in utero leading to impaired fertility in malesReproductive system diseaseUnder ReviewHuman, Rat, Mouse0.12KE:406decreased, Fertility
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive system disease-Rattus norvegicus0.14KE:406decreased, Fertility
AOP:124HMG-CoA reductase inhibition leading to decreased fertilityReproductive system disease-Rattus rattus0.17KE:330Decrease, Fertility
AOP:205AOP from chemical insult to cell deathUnclassified-Vertebrates0.17KE:1262Apoptosis
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Reproductive system diseaseUnder DevelopmentMammals0.17KE:406decreased, Fertility
AOP:398Decreased ALDH1A (RALDH) activity leading to decreased fertility via disrupted meiotic initiation of fetal oogoniaReproductive system diseaseUnder DevelopmentMouse, Rat, Human0.17KE:406decreased, Fertility
AOP:423Toxicological mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis through the PARP1 dependent cell death pathwayUnclassified-0.17KE:1817Apoptotic cell death
AOP:492Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stressReproductive system disease-Mammals, Fish0.2KE:406decreased, Fertility
AOP:504SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ levelUnclassified-Mammals0.33KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:561Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiolUnclassified-Vertebrates0.2KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 3 AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO

AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Taxonomic applicability Coverage Score The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints. KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous system diseaseUnder DevelopmentRat0.11KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:30Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassifiedUnder ReviewZebra danio, Fathead minnow, Medaka0.17KE:112Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:314Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells leading to exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)Immune system disease; Musculoskeletal system diseaseUnder DevelopmentHomo sapiens0.2KE:1710Binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α in immune cells
AOP:411Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung FunctionRespiratory system disease-Homo sapiens0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:424Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunctionRespiratory system disease-Human0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:425Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1Respiratory system disease-Human0.17KE:1392Oxidative Stress
AOP:440Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasiaBenign neoplasm; Endocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Reproductive system disease; Cancer; Endocrine system diseaseUnder DevelopmentHuman, Rat, Mice0.22KE:1046Suppression, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
KE:1973Increased, estrogens
AOP:445Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired ReproductionReproductive system disease-0.12KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:447Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathwaysUrinary system disease-0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1917Altered gene expression, NRF2 dependent antioxidant pathway
KE:1365Increase, Apoptosis
AOP:472DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failureUrinary system disease-0.22KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:1825Increase, Cell death
AOP:493ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesityAcquired metabolic disease-Mus musculus, Homo sapiens0.1KE:2126Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:497ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeInherited metabolic disorder; Disease of metabolism-0.25KE:1392Oxidative Stress
KE:2126Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:503Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulationReproductive system disease; CancerUnder ReviewHuman, Mouse0.17KE:1065Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal system disease; Inherited metabolic disorder-Vertebrates0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.2KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:545Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesisUnclassified-Mammals0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:548Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expressionUnclassified-Mammals0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2

No associated AOPs with Level of Relevance 5

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