Cyproterone acetate


Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 1 AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO

AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Taxonomic applicability Coverage Score The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints. KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:27Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)Gastrointestinal system diseaseUnder DevelopmentHumans0.12KE:288Activation of specific nuclear receptors, Transcriptional change
AOP:39Covalent Binding, Protein, leading to Increase, Allergic Respiratory Hypersensitivity ResponseRespiratory system diseaseUnder DevelopmentHuman, Mouse0.2KE:272Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:40Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin SensitisationIntegumentary system diseaseWPHA/WNT EndorsedMouse, Human0.2KE:272Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:41Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver TumoursCancer; Gastrointestinal system diseaseUnder ReviewRattus sp. ABTC 42503, Mus sp. 20000820.4KE:854Alterations, Cellular proliferation / hyperplasia
KE:139N/A, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatopathy, including a constellation of observable effects
AOP:42Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive disorderWPHA/WNT EndorsedHuman, Rat, Mouse0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:54Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairmentDevelopmental disorder of mental healthWPHA/WNT EndorsedHomo sapiens, Rattus sp.0.1KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:105Alpha2u-microglobulin cytotoxicity leading to renal tubular adenomas and carcinomas (in male rat)Cancer; Urinary system disease-Rattus norvegicus0.17KE:710Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (tubular epithelial cells)
AOP:109Cytotoxicity leading to bronchioloalveolar adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse)Cancer; Respiratory system disease-Mus musculus0.2KE:734Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells)
AOP:110Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine system disease-Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus0.29KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:739Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:112Increased dopaminergic activity leading to endometrial adenocarcinomas (in Wistar rat)Reproductive system disease; Cancer-Rattus norvegicus0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:114HPPD inhibition leading to corneal papillomas and carcinomas (in rat)Cancer-Rattus norvegicus0.17KE:778Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (corneal cells)
AOP:115Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)Cancer-Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus0.2KE:781Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (forestomach epithelial cells)
AOP:116Cytotoxicity leading to renal tubular adenomas and carcinomas (in male rat)Cancer; Urinary system disease-Rattus norvegicus0.25KE:710Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (tubular epithelial cells)
AOP:119Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)Cancer; Endocrine system disease-Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus0.29KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:739Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:121Urinary bladder calculi leading to urothelial papillomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Urinary system disease-Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus0.2KE:795Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:124HMG-CoA reductase inhibition leading to decreased fertilityReproductive system disease-Rattus rattus0.17KE:809malformed, Male reproductive tract
AOP:134Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive disorder-Rat, Homo sapiens0.11KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:136Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal TumorsBenign neoplasm; Respiratory system diseaseUnder Review0.14KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:159Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT EndorsedZebrafish, Fathead minnow0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:164Beta-2 adrenergic agonist activity leading to mesovarian leiomyomas in the rat and mouseCancer; Reproductive system disease-CD-1 mouse, SD rat0.17KE:1042Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, smooth muscle
AOP:167Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.Reproductive system disease; Cancer-Mouse, Homo sapiens0.14KE:1067Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, aberrant basal cells
AOP:175Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-African clawed frog0.25KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:176Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-African clawed frog0.2KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:192Pendrin inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-African clawed frog0.25KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:193Dual oxidase (DUOX) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-African clawed frog0.25KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:220Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver CancerCancer; Gastrointestinal system diseaseWPHA/WNT EndorsedRodents, Homo sapiens0.2KE:1393Hepatocytotoxicity
AOP:263Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferationUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT EndorsedZebrafish, Mouse, Rat, Lemna minor, Human, Caenorhabditis elegans0.25KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:267Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletionUnclassifiedUnder Development0.2KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:271Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to impaired fertility in fishUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentFish0.2KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:272Deposition of energy leading to lung cancerCancerWPHA/WNT EndorsedHuman, Rat, Mouse0.14KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:286Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-Lemna minor, Daphnia magna, Danio rerio0.25KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:288Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)Endocrine system disease-Human, Rat0.12KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:290Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)Unclassified-Daphnia magna0.25KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:293Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic disease; Thoracic disease; CancerUnder DevelopmentRattus rattus, Mus musculus0.11KE:1182Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:294Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancerGenetic disease; Thoracic disease; CancerUnder Development0.11KE:1182Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:303Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancerCancerUnder DevelopmentMammals0.14KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:3055α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentRat, Human, Mouse0.4KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:331Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-Daphnia magna, Daphnia middendorffiana, Daphnia pulex, Daphnia pulicaria, Daphnia parvula0.17KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:332Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferationUnclassified-0.2KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:333Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylationUnclassified-0.2KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:335AOP for urothelial carcinogenesis due to chemical cytotoxicity by mitochondrial impairmentCancer; Urinary system disease-Rat0.2KE:795Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:363Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered retinal layer structureUnclassifiedUnder ReviewZebrafish0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:364Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via decreased eye sizeUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:365Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to altered visual function via altered photoreceptor patterningUnclassifiedUnder Development0.12KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:399Inhibition of Fyna leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (Microphthalmos)Unclassified-Zebrafish0.12KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:409Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesotheliomaCancer-0.12KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:420Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathwayCancer-0.25KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:432Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid LeukemiaHematopoietic system disease; Cancer-Homo sapiens, Mus musculus0.09KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:439Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancerThoracic disease; CancerUnder DevelopmentHumans, Mice0.11KE:1971Increased, tumor growth
AOP:440Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasiaBenign neoplasm; Endocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Reproductive system disease; Cancer; Endocrine system diseaseUnder DevelopmentHuman, Rat, Mice0.11KE:1973Increased, estrogens
AOP:441Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiationCongenital nervous system abnormality; Nervous system disease-Homo sapiens, Mus musculus musculus, Rattus norvegicus0.14KE:1974Activation of Tumor Protein 53
AOP:451Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancerCancer-Human0.11KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:457Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxineInherited metabolic disorder-Human0.17KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:459AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsCognitive disorder-Human, Mouse, Rat0.11KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:460Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentMouse0.22KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:2043Decrease, Sonic Hedgehog second messenger production
AOP:465Alcohol dehydrogenase leading to reproductive dysfunctionUnclassified-0.12KE:748Increased, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:478Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataractsNervous system disease; Monogenic diseaseUnder ReviewHuman, Mouse, Rat, Rhesus monkeys, Rabbit, Guinea pig0.1KE:870Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:491Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial cleftingUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentMouse0.33KE:1821Decrease, Cell proliferation
KE:2043Decrease, Sonic Hedgehog second messenger production
AOP:511The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effectsCardiovascular system disease-Human, Mouse, Zebrafish0.06KE:2172Activated Wnt/Frizzled pathway

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 2 AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE

AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Taxonomic applicability Coverage Score The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints. KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:37PPARα activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rodentsCancer; Gastrointestinal system diseaseUnder DevelopmentMouse, Rat0.4KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
KE:719Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:107Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the ratCancer; Gastrointestinal system diseaseUnder ReviewRattus norvegicus, Mus musculus0.4KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
KE:719Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:108Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease-Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus0.17KE:719Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:139Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1Cancer-Homo sapiens, Mus musculus0.25KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:474Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMTCancerUnder DevelopmentHuman and other cells in culture0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:505Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathwayCancer-Human, Mouse, Rat0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:513Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathwayCancer-Human, Mouse, Rat0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:534Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stressCancer-Vertebrates0.17KE:885Increase, Cancer
AOP:546Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanismsCancer-Human and other cells in culture0.2KE:885Increase, Cancer

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 3 AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO

AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Taxonomic applicability Coverage Score The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints. KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:8Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in MammalsNervous system diseaseUnder DevelopmentRat0.11KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:19Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)Reproductive system disease-0.6KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:310Alteration, Wnt pathway
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:23Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproductive dysfunction (in repeat-spawning fish)UnclassifiedWPHA/WNT EndorsedPimephales promelas0.1KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:60NR1I2 (Pregnane X Receptor, PXR) activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal system disease; Inherited metabolic disorder-0.08KE:245Activation, PXR/SXR
AOP:64Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male FertilityReproductive system disease-Rattus norvegicus0.14KE:494Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist, Activation
AOP:111Decrease in androgen receptor activity leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)Cancer; Reproductive system disease-Rattus norvegicus0.2KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:128Kidney dysfunction by decreased thyroid hormoneUrinary system diseaseUnder DevelopmentSprague-Dawley, Homo sapiens0.09KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
AOP:188Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-African clawed frog0.4KE:277Thyroid hormone synthesis, Decreased
KE:1152Inhibition, Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD)
AOP:191Type III iodotyrosine deiodinase (DIO3) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosisUnclassified-African clawed frog0.25KE:1153Inhibition, Deiodinase 3
AOP:233Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism leading to Analgesia via K Channel OpeningDevelopmental disorder of mental health-0.2KE:1425Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism
AOP:234Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism leading to Analgesia via Ca Channel InhibitionDevelopmental disorder of mental health-0.2KE:1425Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism
AOP:306Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder DevelopmentRat, Human, Mouse0.75KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:318Glucocorticoid Receptor activation leading to hepatic steatosisGastrointestinal system disease; Inherited metabolic disorder-0.2KE:122Activation, Glucocorticoid Receptor
AOP:334Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonism Leading to Impaired Fin RegenerationUnclassified-Teleost fish0.17KE:122Activation, Glucocorticoid Receptor
AOP:344Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspringUnclassifiedUnder Development0.75KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:345Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in femalesEndocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Reproductive system diseaseUnder DevelopmentMammals0.5KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:372Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancerEndocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Cancer-0.6KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:376Androgen receptor agonism leading to male-biased sex ratioUnclassifiedWPHA/WNT EndorsedZebrafish, Medaka, Fathead minnow, Channel catfish, Oreochromis niloticus, Chinook salmon0.25KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:477Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspringPhysical disorder-0.67KE:1614Decrease, androgen receptor activation
KE:26Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:496Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction (in zebrafish)Unclassified-Zebrafish0.2KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:517Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation leads to liver steatosisGastrointestinal system disease; Inherited metabolic disorder-Vertebrates0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:525Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memoryDevelopmental disorder of mental health-0.15KE:2217Binding of antagonist to glucocorticoid hormone receptor
KE:2220Antagonism, Glucocorticoid hormone receptor
AOP:536Estrogen receptor agonism leading to reduced survival and population growth due to renal failureUnclassified-0.17KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:537Estrogen receptor agonism leads to reduced fecundity via increased vitellogenin in the liverUnclassified-0.4KE:364Impaired development of, Reproductive organs
KE:111Agonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:545Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased cholesterol synthesisUnclassified-Mammals0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2
AOP:548Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2 leads to increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol via increased PCSK9 protein expressionUnclassified-Mammals0.2KE:239Activation, Pregnane-X receptor, NR1l2

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 5 AOPs with at least 1 MIE and AO associated with chemical, and there exists a directed path between that MIE and AO

AOP Identifier AOP Title AO Classification OECD Status Taxonomic applicability Coverage Score The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints. KE Identifier KE Name
AOP:117Androgen receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal system diseaseUnder DevelopmentMus musculus, Rattus norvegicus0.75KE:716Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
KE:719Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:118Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease-Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus0.75KE:719Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
KE:786Increase, Cytotoxicity (hepatocytes)
KE:787Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:495Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancerReproductive system disease; Cancer-0.44KE:854Alterations, Cellular proliferation / hyperplasia
KE:286Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
KE:25Agonism, Androgen receptor
KE:2135Prostate cancer

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We have built a comprehensive resource which compiles potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) based on the observed adverse effects or endocrine-mediated endpoints in published experiments on humans or rodents to support basic research. We are not responsible for any errors or omissions in the published research articles or supporting literature on potential EDCs compiled in this resource. Users are advised to exercise their own judgement on the weight of evidence for potential EDCs compiled in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on potential EDCs is to enable future basic research towards better understanding of the systems-level perturbations upon chemical exposure rather than influencing regulatory advice on chemical use.