DEDUCT | Database of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals and their Toxicity profiles

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 1 AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO

AOP Identifier	AOP Title	AO Classification	OECD Status	Taxonomic applicability	Coverage Score ⓘ The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints.	KE Identifier	KE Name
AOP:10	Binding to the picrotoxin site of ionotropic GABA receptors leading to epileptic seizures in adult brain	Nervous system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Mouse, Rat, Bobwhite quail, Zebrafish	0.17	KE:616	Occurrence, A paroxysmal depolarizing shift
AOP:17	Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memory	Developmental disorder of mental health	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Rat, Mouse, Human	0.1	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:37	PPARα activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rodents	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Development	Mouse, Rat	0.2	KE:716	Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:39	Covalent Binding, Protein, leading to Increase, Allergic Respiratory Hypersensitivity Response	Respiratory system disease	Under Development	Human, Mouse	0.2	KE:272	Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:40	Covalent Protein binding leading to Skin Sensitisation	Integumentary system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Mouse, Human	0.2	KE:272	Activation/Proliferation, T-cells
AOP:91	Sodium channel inhibition leading to reduced survival	Unclassified	-	Medaka, Gammarus pulex, Hydra	0.17	KE:585	Decreased, Sodium conductance 1
AOP:93	sodium channel inhibition leading to increased predation	Unclassified	-		0.25	KE:585	Decreased, Sodium conductance 1
AOP:94	Sodium channel inhibition leading to congenital malformations	Unclassified	-	Human, Rat, Mouse	0.17	KE:585	Decreased, Sodium conductance 1
AOP:95	Ether-a-go-go (ERG) voltage-gated potassium channel inhibition leading to reduced survival	Unclassified	-		0.17	KE:585	Decreased, Sodium conductance 1
AOP:96	Axonal sodium channel modulation leading to acute mortality	Unclassified	-	Insects, Fish	0.17	KE:599	prolonged, Depolarization of neuronal membrane
AOP:104	Altered ion channel activity leading impaired heart function	Unclassified	-		0.25	KE:698	Altered, Action Potential
AOP:107	Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the rat	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Review	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus	0.2	KE:716	Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:110	Inhibition of iodide pump activity leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)	Cancer; Endocrine system disease	-	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus	0.14	KE:739	Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:113	Glutamate-gated chloride channel activation leading to acute mortality	Unclassified	-	Bombus impatiens, Chaetanaphothrips orchidii, Radopholus similis, Daphnia magna, Orius insidiosus, Hymenoptera, Helicoverpa zea, Lepidoptera, Liriomyza trifolii, Orius isidiosus, Acyrthosiphon kondoi	0.17	KE:763	hyperpolarisation, neuron
AOP:114	HPPD inhibition leading to corneal papillomas and carcinomas (in rat)	Cancer	-	Rattus norvegicus	0.17	KE:778	Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (corneal cells)
AOP:115	Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)	Cancer	-	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.2	KE:781	Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (forestomach epithelial cells)
AOP:117	Androgen receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Development	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.25	KE:716	Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:118	Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	-	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.25	KE:787	Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:119	Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase leading to follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas (in rat and mouse)	Cancer; Endocrine system disease	-	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus	0.14	KE:739	Increase, Hypertrophy and proliferation (follicular cell)
AOP:121	Urinary bladder calculi leading to urothelial papillomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)	Cancer; Urinary system disease	-	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.2	KE:795	Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:136	Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal Tumors	Benign neoplasm; Respiratory system disease	Under Review		0.14	KE:870	Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:164	Beta-2 adrenergic agonist activity leading to mesovarian leiomyomas in the rat and mouse	Cancer; Reproductive system disease	-	CD-1 mouse, SD rat	0.17	KE:1042	Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, smooth muscle
AOP:167	Early-life estrogen receptor activity leading to endometrial carcinoma in the mouse.	Reproductive system disease; Cancer	-	Mouse, Homo sapiens	0.29	KE:1067	Proliferation/Clonal Expansion, aberrant basal cells
AOP:167		Reproductive system disease; Cancer	-	Mouse, Homo sapiens	0.29	KE:1065	Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:220	Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver Cancer	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Rodents, Homo sapiens	0.2	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:233	Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism leading to Analgesia via K Channel Opening	Developmental disorder of mental health	-		0.2	KE:763	hyperpolarisation, neuron
AOP:235	Serotonin 1A Receptor Agonism leading to Anti-depressant Activity via K Channel Opening	Unclassified	-		0.2	KE:763	hyperpolarisation, neuron
AOP:260	CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegeneration	Nervous system disease	-	Human	0.14	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:272	Deposition of energy leading to lung cancer	Cancer	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Rat, Mouse	0.14	KE:870	Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:293	Increased DNA damage leading to increased risk of breast cancer	Genetic disease; Thoracic disease; Cancer	Under Development	Rattus rattus, Mus musculus	0.11	KE:1182	Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:294	Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leading to increased risk of breast cancer	Genetic disease; Thoracic disease; Cancer	Under Development		0.11	KE:1182	Increase, Cell Proliferation (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:303	Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancer	Cancer	Under Development	Mammals	0.14	KE:870	Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:333	Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation	Unclassified	-		0.2	KE:1446	Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:335	AOP for urothelial carcinogenesis due to chemical cytotoxicity by mitochondrial impairment	Cancer; Urinary system disease	-	Rat	0.2	KE:795	Increase, Regenerative cell proliferation (urothelial cells)
AOP:409	Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesothelioma	Cancer	-		0.12	KE:870	Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:420	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through sustained NRF2 toxicity pathway	Cancer	-		0.25	KE:870	Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:432	Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Hematopoietic system disease; Cancer	-	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	0.09	KE:870	Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:437	Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes leading to kidney toxicity	Urinary system disease	Under Development		0.2	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:438	reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality	Cardiovascular system disease	-		0.08	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:440	Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasia	Benign neoplasm; Endocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Reproductive system disease; Cancer; Endocrine system disease	Under Development	Human, Rat, Mice	0.11	KE:1076	Increased, circulating estrogen levels
AOP:442	Binding to voltage gate sodium channels during development leads to cognitive impairment	Cognitive disorder	Under Review	Rattus norvegicus, Mouse, Humans	0.14	KE:1983	Disruption, action potential generation
AOP:444	Ionizing radiation leads to reduced reproduction in Eisenia fetida via reduced spermatogenesis and cocoon hatchability	Unclassified	-		0.11	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:446	PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systems	Respiratory system disease	-		0.05	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:447	Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways	Urinary system disease	-		0.08	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:448	ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality	Cardiovascular system disease	-		0.06	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:450	Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortality	Nervous system disease	-	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	0.14	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:451	Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancer	Cancer	-	Human	0.11	KE:870	Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:452	Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicity	Respiratory system disease	-		0.09	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:453	Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general population	Gastrointestinal system disease	-		0.08	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:457	Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition leading to increased insulin resistance through reduction in circulating thyroxine	Inherited metabolic disorder	-	Human	0.17	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:459	AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals	Cognitive disorder	-	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.11	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:463	The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicity	Gastrointestinal system disease	-		0.09	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:464	Calcium overload in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra leading to parkinsonian motor deficits	Nervous system disease	-		0.05	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:469	Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation population	Gastrointestinal system disease	-		0.08	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:470	Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodeling	Cardiovascular system disease	Under Review	Human, Rat, Mouse, Rabbit	0.25	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:470	Deposition of energy leads to abnormal vascular remodeling	Cardiovascular system disease	Under Review	Human, Rat, Mouse, Rabbit	0.25	KE:2244	Altered Stress Response Signaling
AOP:478	Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataracts	Nervous system disease; Monogenic disease	Under Review	Human, Mouse, Rat, Rhesus monkeys, Rabbit, Guinea pig	0.2	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:478	Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataracts	Nervous system disease; Monogenic disease	Under Review	Human, Mouse, Rat, Rhesus monkeys, Rabbit, Guinea pig	0.2	KE:870	Increase, Cell Proliferation
AOP:479	Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to left ventricular function decrease via increased myocardial oxidative stress	Cardiovascular system disease; Thoracic disease	Under Development		0.14	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:482	Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone loss	Musculoskeletal system disease	Under Review	Human, Mouse, Rat, Rhesus monkeys	0.14	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:483	Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory Impairment	Developmental disorder of mental health	Under Review	Mouse, Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Pigs, Cow, Human	0.25	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:483		Developmental disorder of mental health	Under Review	Mouse, Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Pigs, Cow, Human	0.25	KE:2244	Altered Stress Response Signaling
AOP:488	Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive function	Cognitive disorder	-	Human	0.14	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:497	ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome	Inherited metabolic disorder; Disease of metabolism	-		0.12	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:505	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathway	Cancer	-	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.2	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:507	Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects via inflammation pathway	Cardiovascular system disease	-	Mouse, Zebrafish, Human	0.17	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:509	Nrf2 inhibition leading to vascular disrupting effects through activating apoptosis signal pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction	Cardiovascular system disease	-		0.14	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:510	Demethylation of PPAR promotor leading to vascular disrupting effects	Cardiovascular system disease	-	Human, Mouse, Zebrafish	0.1	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:511	The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effects	Cardiovascular system disease	-	Human, Mouse, Zebrafish	0.06	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:521	Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stress	Unclassified	-	Murinae gen. sp.	0.14	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:534	Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stress	Cancer	-	Vertebrates	0.33	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:534		Cancer	-	Vertebrates	0.33	KE:1446	Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:535	Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairments	Developmental disorder of mental health	-	Mouse, Human	0.11	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:540	Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin Production	Unclassified	-		0.11	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:541	Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switching	Cardiovascular system disease	-		0.08	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:551	Increased Muscarinic M2 Receptor leading to Arrhythmia	Symptom	-	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.2	KE:1983	Disruption, action potential generation
AOP:552	Inhibiton of L-Type Calcium Channels leading to heart failure via QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP)	Cardiovascular system disease	-	Human, Rat, Mouse	0.17	KE:698	Altered, Action Potential
AOP:553	Inhibition of Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na⁺ channels) leading to heart failure	Cardiovascular system disease	-	Human, Rodents, Dogs, Pigs, Insects, Fish	0.25	KE:698	Altered, Action Potential
AOP:559	Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to arrhythmias	Symptom	-	Human and other cells in culture, Rattus norvegicus, Dogs, Sus scrofa, Zebrafish, Insecta sp. BOLD:AAN5199	0.2	KE:698	Altered, Action Potential

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 2 AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE

AOP Identifier	AOP Title	AO Classification	OECD Status	Taxonomic applicability	Coverage Score ⓘ The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints.	KE Identifier	KE Name
AOP:498	Increased LCN2/iron complex leading to neurological disorders	Nervous system disease	-	Homo sapiens	0.25	KE:2150	Neurological disorder
AOP:501	Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disorders	Nervous system disease	-	Homo sapiens	0.5	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:501		Nervous system disease	-	Homo sapiens	0.5	KE:2150	Neurological disorder
AOP:504	SULT1E1 inhibition leading to uterine adenocarcinoma via increased estrogen availability at target organ level	Unclassified	-	Mammals	0.67	KE:1065	Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:504		Unclassified	-	Mammals	0.67	KE:2251	Estradiol availability, increased

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 3 AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO

AOP Identifier	AOP Title	AO Classification	OECD Status	Taxonomic applicability	Coverage Score ⓘ The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints.	KE Identifier	KE Name
AOP:263	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferation	Unclassified	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Zebrafish, Mouse, Rat, Lemna minor, Human, Caenorhabditis elegans	0.25	KE:1446	Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:264	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via ATP depletion associated cell death	Unclassified	Under Development		0.25	KE:1446	Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:265	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via increased cytosolic calcium	Unclassified	Under Development		0.25	KE:1446	Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:266	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased Na-K ATPase activity	Unclassified	Under Development		0.17	KE:1446	Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:267	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletion	Unclassified	Under Development		0.2	KE:1446	Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:268	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via mitochondrial swelling	Unclassified	Under Development		0.25	KE:1446	Decrease, Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation
AOP:411	Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function	Respiratory system disease	-	Homo sapiens	0.25	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:424	Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunction	Respiratory system disease	-	Human	0.17	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:425	Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1	Respiratory system disease	-	Human	0.17	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:445	Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonism leads to Impaired Reproduction	Reproductive system disease	-		0.12	KE:1065	Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
AOP:472	DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failure	Urinary system disease	-		0.11	KE:1392	Oxidative Stress
AOP:503	Activation of uterine estrogen receptor-alfa leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma, via epigenetic modulation	Reproductive system disease; Cancer	Under Review	Human, Mouse	0.17	KE:1065	Activation, estrogen receptor alpha

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 5 AOPs with at least 1 MIE and AO associated with chemical, and there exists a directed path between that MIE and AO

AOP Identifier	AOP Title	AO Classification	OECD Status	Taxonomic applicability	Coverage Score ⓘ The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints.	KE Identifier	KE Name
AOP:561	Aromatase induction leading to estrogen receptor alpha activation via increased estradiol	Unclassified	-	Vertebrates	1.0	KE:2251	Estradiol availability, increased
						KE:1065	Activation, estrogen receptor alpha
						KE:2293	Aromatase, induction
						KE:1076	Increased, circulating estrogen levels
						KE:2294	Plasma estradiol, increased

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We have built a comprehensive resource which compiles potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) based on the observed adverse effects or endocrine-mediated endpoints in published experiments on humans or rodents to support basic research. We are not responsible for any errors or omissions in the published research articles or supporting literature on potential EDCs compiled in this resource. Users are advised to exercise their own judgement on the weight of evidence for potential EDCs compiled in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on potential EDCs is to enable future basic research towards better understanding of the systems-level perturbations upon chemical exposure rather than influencing regulatory advice on chemical use.