DEDUCT | Database of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals and their Toxicity profiles

Colchicine

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 1 AOPs with at least 1 KE associated with chemical, where the KE(s) are neither MIE nor AO

AOP Identifier	AOP Title	AO Classification	OECD Status	Taxonomic applicability	Coverage Score ⓘ The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints.	KE Identifier	KE Name
AOP:4	Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to incomplete ecdysis associated mortality	Unclassified	-	Insects, Crustaceans	0.1	KE:993	Decrease, Abdominal muscle contraction
AOP:8	Upregulation of Thyroid Hormone Catabolism via Activation of Hepatic Nuclear Receptors, and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals	Nervous system disease	Under Development	Rat	0.11	KE:295	Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:15	Alkylation of DNA in male pre-meiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutations	Genetic disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, Oryzias latipes, Syrian golden hamster	0.25	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:38	Protein Alkylation leading to Liver Fibrosis	Gastrointestinal system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Rat	0.14	KE:68	Accumulation, Collagen
AOP:41	Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver Tumours	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Review	Rattus sp. ABTC 42503, Mus sp. 2000082	0.4	KE:853	Changes/Inhibition, Cellular Homeostasis and Apoptosis
AOP:41	Sustained AhR Activation leading to Rodent Liver Tumours	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Review	Rattus sp. ABTC 42503, Mus sp. 2000082	0.4	KE:139	N/A, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatopathy, including a constellation of observable effects
AOP:64	Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Mediated Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction Leading to Decreased Male Fertility	Reproductive system disease	-	Rattus norvegicus	0.14	KE:496	Increased apoptosis, decreased fetal/adult Leydig Cells
AOP:77	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony death/failure 1	Unclassified	-	Honey bee	0.14	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:78	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal role change within the worker bee caste leading to colony death failure 1	Unclassified	-	Honey bee	0.12	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:80	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to accumulation of damaged mitochondrial DNA and leads to colony loss/failure	Unclassified	-	Honey bee	0.12	KE:664	Overwhelmed, Mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms
AOP:87	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony loss/failure	Unclassified	-	Honey bee	0.12	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:88	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal foraging and leads to colony loss/failure via abnormal role change within caste	Unclassified	-	Honey bee	0.14	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:89	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation followed by desensitization contributes to abnormal foraging and directly leads to colony loss/failure	Unclassified	-	Honey bee	0.12	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:90	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation contributes to abnormal roll change within the worker bee caste leading to colony loss/failure 2	Unclassified	-	Honey bee	0.12	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:96	Axonal sodium channel modulation leading to acute mortality	Unclassified	-	Insects, Fish	0.17	KE:602	Increased, Ataxia, paralysis, or hyperactivity
AOP:99	Histamine (H2) receptor antagonism leading to reduced survival	Unclassified	-	Zebrafish	0.14	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:113	Glutamate-gated chloride channel activation leading to acute mortality	Unclassified	-	Bombus impatiens, Chaetanaphothrips orchidii, Radopholus similis, Daphnia magna, Orius insidiosus, Hymenoptera, Helicoverpa zea, Lepidoptera, Liriomyza trifolii, Orius isidiosus, Acyrthosiphon kondoi	0.17	KE:764	N/A, Ataxia, paralysis, or hyperactivity
AOP:114	HPPD inhibition leading to corneal papillomas and carcinomas (in rat)	Cancer	-	Rattus norvegicus	0.17	KE:777	Increase, Inflammation (corneal cells)
AOP:115	Epithelial cytotoxicity leading to forestomach tumors (in mouse and rat)	Cancer	-	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.2	KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
AOP:128	Kidney dysfunction by decreased thyroid hormone	Urinary system disease	Under Development	Sprague-Dawley, Homo sapiens	0.09	KE:825	Decreased, Renal ability to dilute urine
AOP:136	Intracellular Acidification Induced Olfactory Epithelial Injury Leading to Site of Contact Nasal Tumors	Benign neoplasm; Respiratory system disease	Under Review		0.14	KE:868	Increase, Tissue Degeneration, Necrosis & Atrophy
AOP:144	Endocytic lysosomal uptake leading to liver fibrosis	Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Review	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.11	KE:68	Accumulation, Collagen
AOP:164	Beta-2 adrenergic agonist activity leading to mesovarian leiomyomas in the rat and mouse	Cancer; Reproductive system disease	-	CD-1 mouse, SD rat	0.17	KE:1043	Hypertrophy/hyperplasia, smooth muscle
AOP:173	Substance interaction with the pulmonary resident cell membrane components leading to pulmonary fibrosis	Musculoskeletal system disease; Respiratory system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.25	KE:68	Accumulation, Collagen
AOP:173		Musculoskeletal system disease; Respiratory system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.25	KE:1497	Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:190	Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis	Unclassified	-	African clawed frog	0.17	KE:1829	Altered, Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression
AOP:191	Type III iodotyrosine deiodinase (DIO3) inhibition leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis	Unclassified	-	African clawed frog	0.5	KE:1154	Increased, Triiodothyronine (T3) in tissues
AOP:191		Unclassified	-	African clawed frog	0.5	KE:1829	Altered, Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression
AOP:194	Hepatic nuclear receptor activation leading to altered amphibian metamorphosis	Unclassified	-	African clawed frog	0.17	KE:295	Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:206	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ inactivation leading to lung fibrosis	Musculoskeletal system disease; Respiratory system disease	Under Development	Homo sapiens	0.17	KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
AOP:207	NADPH oxidase and P38 MAPK activation leading to reproductive failure in Caenorhabditis elegans	Reproductive system disease	-	Caenorhabditis elegans	0.38	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
						KE:1281	Increased, DNA Damage-Repair
						KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:209	Perturbation of cholesterol and glutathione homeostasis leading to hepatotoxicity: Integrated multi-OMICS approach for building AOP	Gastrointestinal system disease	-		0.12	KE:1287	Glutathione synthesis
AOP:212	Histone deacetylase inhibition leading to testicular atrophy	Reproductive system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Rat, Human, Mouse	0.17	KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:213	Inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)	Gastrointestinal system disease; Inherited metabolic disorder	-	Vertebrates	0.17	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:220	Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver Cancer	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Rodents, Homo sapiens	0.4	KE:1393	Hepatocytotoxicity
AOP:220	Cyp2E1 Activation Leading to Liver Cancer	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Rodents, Homo sapiens	0.4	KE:1394	Induction, persistent proliferation/sustained proliferation
AOP:232	NFE2/Nrf2 repression to steatosis	Gastrointestinal system disease; Inherited metabolic disorder	-		0.12	KE:1419	Reduced, FXR activity
AOP:241	Latent Transforming Growth Factor beta1 activation leads to pulmonary fibrosis	Musculoskeletal system disease; Respiratory system disease	-		0.17	KE:68	Accumulation, Collagen
AOP:245	Reduction in photophosphorylation leading to growth inhibition in aquatic plants	Unclassified	-	Lemna minor, Lemna gibba	0.09	KE:40	Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:258	Renal protein alkylation leading to kidney toxicity	Urinary system disease	Under Development	Human, Rat, Mouse	0.2	KE:40	Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:263	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferation	Unclassified	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Zebrafish, Mouse, Rat, Lemna minor, Human, Caenorhabditis elegans	0.5	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:263		Unclassified	WPHA/WNT Endorsed		0.5	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:264	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via ATP depletion associated cell death	Unclassified	Under Development		0.25	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:266	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased Na-K ATPase activity	Unclassified	Under Development		0.17	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:267	Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via glucose depletion	Unclassified	Under Development		0.2	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:272	Deposition of energy leading to lung cancer	Cancer	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Rat, Mouse	0.14	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:280	α-diketone-induced bronchiolitis obliterans	Musculoskeletal system disease; Respiratory system disease	-		0.14	KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
AOP:286	Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)	Unclassified	-	Lemna minor, Daphnia magna, Danio rerio	0.5	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:286		Unclassified	-	Lemna minor, Daphnia magna, Danio rerio	0.5	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:287	Mitochondrial complex III antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)	Unclassified	-	Lemna minor, Daphnia magna, Danio rerio	0.25	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:288	Inhibition of 17α-hydrolase/C 10,20-lyase (Cyp17A1) activity leads to birth reproductive defects (cryptorchidism) in male (mammals)	Endocrine system disease	-	Human, Rat	0.12	KE:1614	Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:290	Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (1)	Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna	0.5	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:290		Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna	0.5	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:291	Mitochondrial ATP synthase antagonism leading to growth inhibition (2)	Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna	0.25	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:296	Oxidative DNA damage leading to chromosomal aberrations and mutations	Genetic disease; Chromosomal disease	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Mice, Rat, Fish	0.2	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:299	Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and follicular atresia	Unclassified	-		0.14	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:303	Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancer	Cancer	Under Development	Mammals	0.29	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:303	Frustrated phagocytosis-induced lung cancer	Cancer	Under Development	Mammals	0.29	KE:1497	Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:305	5α-reductase inhibition leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspring	Unclassified	Under Development	Rat, Human, Mouse	0.4	KE:286	Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:305		Unclassified	Under Development	Rat, Human, Mouse	0.4	KE:1614	Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:311	Deposition of energy leading to population decline via DNA oxidation and oocyte apoptosis	Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna, Fish	0.14	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:322	Alkylation of DNA leading to reduced sperm count	Reproductive system disease	-		0.2	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:334	Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonism Leading to Impaired Fin Regeneration	Unclassified	-	Teleost fish	0.17	KE:2245	Altered Cell Differentiation Signaling
AOP:347	Toll-like receptor 4 activation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inactivation leading to pulmonary fibrosis	Musculoskeletal system disease; Respiratory system disease	-		0.11	KE:1793	Activator protein 1 activation
AOP:374	Binding of Sars-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE 2 receptors expressed on brain cells (neuronal and non-neuronal) leads to neuroinflammation resulting in encephalitis	Nervous system disease	Under Development	Human	0.25	KE:352	N/A, Neurodegeneration
AOP:382	Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) agonism leading to lung fibrosis	Musculoskeletal system disease; Respiratory system disease	Under Development		0.33	KE:68	Accumulation, Collagen
AOP:382		Musculoskeletal system disease; Respiratory system disease	Under Development		0.33	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:383	Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leading to liver fibrosis	Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Development		0.17	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:386	Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesis	Reproductive system disease	-	Lemna minor, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0.12	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:387	Deposition of ionising energy leading to population decline via mitochondrial dysfunction	Reproductive system disease	-	Lemna minor	0.25	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:387		Reproductive system disease	-	Lemna minor	0.25	KE:40	Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:392	Decreased fibrinolysis and activated bradykinin system leading to hyperinflammation	Unclassified	Under Development	Humans	0.2	KE:1497	Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:397	Bulky DNA adducts leading to mutations	Genetic disease	Under Development		0.33	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:398	Decreased ALDH1A (RALDH) activity leading to decreased fertility via disrupted meiotic initiation of fetal oogonia	Reproductive system disease	Under Development	Mouse, Rat, Human	0.17	KE:1881	Decreased, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentration
AOP:399	Inhibition of Fyna leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (Microphthalmos)	Unclassified	-	Zebrafish	0.12	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:406	SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to hyperinflammation	Unclassified	-		0.17	KE:1869	Diminished protective oxidative stress response
AOP:409	Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesothelioma	Cancer	-		0.25	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:409	Frustrated phagocytosis leads to malignant mesothelioma	Cancer	-		0.25	KE:1497	Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:416	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to lung cancer through IL-6 toxicity pathway	Cancer	-		0.33	KE:1933	Increased, Interleukin-6 production
AOP:416		Cancer	-		0.33	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:432	Deposition of Energy by Ionizing Radiation leading to Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Hematopoietic system disease; Cancer	-	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	0.09	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:435	Deposition of ionising energy leads to population decline via pollen abnormal	Reproductive system disease	-		0.17	KE:752	Altered, Meiotic chromosome dynamics
AOP:436	Inhibition of RALDH2 causes reduced all-trans retinoic acid levels, leading to transposition of the great arteries	Cardiovascular system disease	-	Chicken, Mouse, Vertebrates	0.2	KE:1881	Decreased, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentration
AOP:439	Activation of the AhR leading to metastatic breast cancer	Thoracic disease; Cancer	Under Development	Humans, Mice	0.33	KE:1971	Increased, tumor growth
						KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
						KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:441	Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage leads to microcephaly via apoptosis and premature cell differentiation	Congenital nervous system abnormality; Nervous system disease	-	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.29	KE:1974	Activation of Tumor Protein 53
AOP:441			-	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.29	KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:443	DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast Cancer	Thoracic disease; Cancer	Under Development	Human and other cells in culture, Human, Mice, Rat, Canine heartworm nematode, Yeast	0.3	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
						KE:112	Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
						KE:1554	Increase Chromosomal Aberrations
AOP:447	Kidney failure induced by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer chain through apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways	Urinary system disease	-		0.08	KE:1097	Occurrence, renal proximal tubular necrosis
AOP:451	Interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leads to lung cancer	Cancer	-	Human	0.22	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:451		Cancer	-	Human	0.22	KE:1497	Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:452	Adverse outcome pathway of PM-induced respiratory toxicity	Respiratory system disease	-		0.09	KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:460	Antagonism of Smoothened receptor leading to orofacial clefting	Unclassified	Under Development	Mouse	0.33	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
						KE:2043	Decrease, Sonic Hedgehog second messenger production
						KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:468	Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 leads to hyperinflammation (via cell death)	Unclassified	-		0.12	KE:1497	Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:478	Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of cataracts	Nervous system disease; Monogenic disease	Under Review	Human, Mouse, Rat, Rhesus monkeys, Rabbit, Guinea pig	0.1	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:480	Mitochondrial complexes inhibition leading to heart failure via decreased ATP production	Cardiovascular system disease; Thoracic disease	Under Development		0.2	KE:40	Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:482	Deposition of energy leading to occurrence of bone loss	Musculoskeletal system disease	Under Review	Human, Mouse, Rat, Rhesus monkeys	0.14	KE:2245	Altered Cell Differentiation Signaling
AOP:491	Decrease, GLI1/2 target gene expression leads to orofacial clefting	Unclassified	Under Development	Mouse	0.5	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
						KE:2043	Decrease, Sonic Hedgehog second messenger production
						KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:492	Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stress	Reproductive system disease	-	Mammals, Fish	0.2	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:495	Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancer	Reproductive system disease; Cancer	-		0.22	KE:286	Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:495	Androgen receptor activation leading to prostate cancer	Reproductive system disease; Cancer	-		0.22	KE:1183	Decreased, Apoptosis (Epithelial Cells)
AOP:496	Androgen receptor agonism leading to reproduction dysfunction （in zebrafish）	Unclassified	-	Zebrafish	0.1	KE:286	Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
AOP:521	Essential element imbalance leads to reproductive failure via oxidative stress	Unclassified	-	Murinae gen. sp.	0.14	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:539	Decreased Sodium/Potassium ATPase activity leads to Heart failure	Cardiovascular system disease	-	Fish	0.14	KE:2237	Decreased, Plasma sodium concentrations
AOP:544	Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase leading to delayed neuropathy via increased inflammation	Nervous system disease	-	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	0.17	KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
AOP:563	Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) activation causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bax mediated apoptosis	Reproductive system disease; Endocrine system disease	-	Rat, Mouse, Zebra fish, Human	0.17	KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:564	DBDPE-induced inhibition of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ leading to population decline via neurotoxicity and metabotoxicity.	Unclassified	-	Zebrafish	0.09	KE:40	Decrease, Mitochondrial ATP production
AOP:569	Decreased DNA methylation of FAM50B/PTCHD3 leading to IQ loss of children via PI3K-Akt pathway	Developmental disorder of mental health	-		0.33	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:569		Developmental disorder of mental health	-		0.33	KE:2195	Increase, CNS Neural cell death

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 2 AOPs with at least 1 AO associated with chemical, and no associated MIE

AOP Identifier	AOP Title	AO Classification	OECD Status	Taxonomic applicability	Coverage Score ⓘ The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints.	KE Identifier	KE Name
AOP:6	Antagonist binding to PPARα leading to body-weight loss	Symptom	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Mus musculus, Homo sapiens, Pimephales promelas, Colinus virginianus, Rattus norvegicus	0.12	KE:864	Decreased, Body Weight
AOP:12	Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development leads to neurodegeneration with impairment in learning and memory in aging	Nervous system disease; Developmental disorder of mental health	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Monkey, Rat, Human, Mouse, Zebrafish	0.25	KE:352	N/A, Neurodegeneration
AOP:12			WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Monkey, Rat, Human, Mouse, Zebrafish	0.25	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:13	Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilities	Developmental disorder of mental health	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Mouse, Monkey sp., Rat	0.1	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:17	Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leads to impairment of learning and memory	Developmental disorder of mental health	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Rat, Mouse, Human	0.1	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:37	PPARα activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in rodents	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Development	Mouse, Rat	0.4	KE:716	Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:37		Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Development	Mouse, Rat	0.4	KE:719	Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:42	Inhibition of Thyroperoxidase and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals	Cognitive disorder	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Rat, Mouse	0.12	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:48	Binding of agonists to ionotropic glutamate receptors in adult brain causes excitotoxicity that mediates neuronal cell death, contributing to learning and memory impairment.	Developmental disorder of mental health	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.22	KE:352	N/A, Neurodegeneration
AOP:48		Developmental disorder of mental health	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.22	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:54	Inhibition of Na+/I- symporter (NIS) leads to learning and memory impairment	Developmental disorder of mental health	WPHA/WNT Endorsed	Homo sapiens, Rattus sp.	0.1	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:107	Constitutive androstane receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in the mouse and the rat	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Review	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus	0.6	KE:1214	Altered gene expression specific to CAR activation, Hepatocytes
						KE:719	Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
						KE:716	Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:108	Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	-	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.17	KE:719	Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:117	Androgen receptor activation leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Development	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.5	KE:716	Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
AOP:117		Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Development	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.5	KE:719	Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:134	Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Inhibition and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals	Cognitive disorder	-	Rat, Homo sapiens	0.11	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:139	Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1	Cancer	-	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	0.5	KE:885	Increase, Cancer
AOP:139	Alkylation of DNA leading to cancer 1	Cancer	-	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	0.5	KE:155	Inadequate DNA repair
AOP:148	EGFR Activation Leading to Decreased Lung Function	Respiratory system disease	Under Development	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.25	KE:1250	Decrease, Lung function
AOP:149	Peptide Oxidation Leading to Hypertension	Cardiovascular system disease	Under Development	Human, Mouse, Rat, Cow	0.1	KE:952	Hypertension
AOP:196	Volatile Organic Chemicals Activate TRPA1 Receptor to Induce Sensory Pulmonary Irritation	Respiratory system disease	-		0.11	KE:1226	Increased Respiratory irritability and Chronic Cough,
AOP:205	AOP from chemical insult to cell death	Unclassified	-	Vertebrates	0.33	KE:1263	Necrosis
AOP:205	AOP from chemical insult to cell death	Unclassified	-	Vertebrates	0.33	KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:260	CYP2E1 activation and formation of protein adducts leading to neurodegeneration	Nervous system disease	-	Human	0.14	KE:1514	Neurodegeneration
AOP:279	Microtubule interacting drugs lead to peripheral neuropathy	Nervous system disease	-		0.25	KE:1583	Sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy
AOP:281	Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Leading to Neurodegeneration	Nervous system disease	-		0.1	KE:352	N/A, Neurodegeneration
AOP:302	Lung surfactant function inhibition leading to decreased lung function	Respiratory system disease	Under Development	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.2	KE:1250	Decrease, Lung function
AOP:379	Binding to ACE2 leading to thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation	Cardiovascular system disease	Under Development	Homo sapiens	0.43	KE:1846	Thrombosis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
						KE:1845	Coagulation
						KE:1869	Diminished protective oxidative stress response
AOP:384	Hyperactivation of ACE/Ang-II/AT1R axis leading to chronic kidney disease	Urinary system disease	-		0.33	KE:1603	Chronic kidney disease
AOP:384		Urinary system disease	-		0.33	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:405	Organo-Phosphate Chemicals induced inhibition of AChE leading to impaired cognitive function	Cognitive disorder	-	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	0.2	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:411	Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function	Respiratory system disease	-	Homo sapiens	0.25	KE:1250	Decrease, Lung function
AOP:418	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through AHR-ARNT toxicity pathway	Respiratory system disease	-		0.4	KE:1250	Decrease, Lung function
AOP:418		Respiratory system disease	-		0.4	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:419	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to impaired lung function through P53 toxicity pathway	Respiratory system disease	-		0.5	KE:1250	Decrease, Lung function
AOP:419		Respiratory system disease	-		0.5	KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:424	Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via CFTR dysfunction	Respiratory system disease	-	Human	0.17	KE:1250	Decrease, Lung function
AOP:425	Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function via Decreased FOXJ1	Respiratory system disease	-	Human	0.17	KE:1250	Decrease, Lung function
AOP:442	Binding to voltage gate sodium channels during development leads to cognitive impairment	Cognitive disorder	Under Review	Rattus norvegicus, Mouse, Humans	0.14	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:450	Inhibition of AChE and activation of CYP2E1 leading to sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy and mortality	Nervous system disease	-	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	0.29	KE:1583	Sensory axonal peripheral neuropathy
AOP:450		Nervous system disease	-	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	0.29	KE:352	N/A, Neurodegeneration
AOP:458	AhR activation in the liver leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals	Cognitive disorder	-	Rat, Mouse, Monkey, Human	0.25	KE:295	Induction, Upregulation of glucuronyltransferase activity
AOP:458		Cognitive disorder	-	Rat, Mouse, Monkey, Human	0.25	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:459	AhR activation in the thyroid leading to Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals	Cognitive disorder	-	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.11	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:474	Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer by promoting EMT	Cancer	Under Development	Human and other cells in culture	0.2	KE:885	Increase, Cancer
AOP:475	Binding of chemicals to ionotropic glutamate receptors leads to impairment of learning and memory via loss of drebrin from dendritic spines of neurons	Developmental disorder of mental health	Under Development	Mouse, Rat, Human, Caenorhabditis elegans	0.12	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:483	Deposition of Energy Leading to Learning and Memory Impairment	Developmental disorder of mental health	Under Review	Mouse, Rat, Rabbit, Dog, Pigs, Cow, Human	0.12	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:486	Binding to the extracellular protein laminin leading to decreased cognitive function	Cognitive disorder	-	Human	0.14	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:490	Co-activation of IP3R and RyR leads to reduced IQ through non-cholinergic mechanisms	Developmental disorder of mental health	-		0.18	KE:2123	decreased, Bcl-2 expression
AOP:490		Developmental disorder of mental health	-		0.18	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:498	Increased LCN2/iron complex leading to neurological disorders	Nervous system disease	-	Homo sapiens	0.5	KE:2150	Neurological disorder
AOP:498		Nervous system disease	-	Homo sapiens	0.5	KE:191	Neuronal dysfunction
AOP:499	Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via disrupted neurotransmitter release	Developmental disorder of mental health	-	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	0.25	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:500	Activation of MEK-ERK1/2 leads to deficits in learning and cognition via ROS and apoptosis	Developmental disorder of mental health	-	Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	0.57	KE:1262	Apoptosis
						KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
						KE:352	N/A, Neurodegeneration
						KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:501	Excessive iron accumulation leading to neurological disorders	Nervous system disease	-	Homo sapiens	0.25	KE:2150	Neurological disorder
AOP:520	Retinoic acid receptor agonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memory	Developmental disorder of mental health	-	Mouse, Rat, Human	0.2	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:525	Reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memory	Developmental disorder of mental health	-		0.15	KE:1656	Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:525		Developmental disorder of mental health	-		0.15	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:533	Retinoic acid receptor antagonism during neurodevelopment leading to impaired learning and memory	Developmental disorder of mental health	-		0.17	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:534	Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition leads to cancer through oxidative stress	Cancer	-	Vertebrates	0.33	KE:885	Increase, Cancer
AOP:534		Cancer	-	Vertebrates	0.33	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:535	Binding and activation of GPER leading to learning and memory impairments	Developmental disorder of mental health	-	Mouse, Human	0.22	KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:535		Developmental disorder of mental health	-	Mouse, Human	0.22	KE:341	Impairment, Learning and memory
AOP:546	Succinate dehydrogenase inactivation leads to cancer through hypoxic-like mechanisms	Cancer	-	Human and other cells in culture	0.2	KE:885	Increase, Cancer

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 3 AOPs with at least 1 MIE associated with chemical, and no associated AO

AOP Identifier	AOP Title	AO Classification	OECD Status	Taxonomic applicability	Coverage Score ⓘ The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints.	KE Identifier	KE Name
AOP:19	Androgen receptor antagonism leading to adverse effects in the male foetus (mammals)	Reproductive system disease	-		0.6	KE:286	Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
						KE:310	Alteration, Wnt pathway
						KE:26	Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:30	Estrogen receptor antagonism leading to reproductive dysfunction	Unclassified	Under Review	Zebra danio, Fathead minnow, Medaka	0.17	KE:112	Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
AOP:62	AKT2 activation leading to hepatic steatosis	Gastrointestinal system disease; Inherited metabolic disorder	-		0.25	KE:486	systemic inflammation leading to hepatic steatosis
AOP:111	Decrease in androgen receptor activity leading to Leydig cell tumors (in rat)	Cancer; Reproductive system disease	-	Rattus norvegicus	0.2	KE:1614	Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:282	Adverse outcome pathway on photochemical toxicity initiated by light exposure	Unclassified	Under Review	Human	0.25	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:298	Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to human treatment-resistant gastric cancer via chronic ROS	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Review	Homo sapiens	0.33	KE:1753	Chronic reactive oxygen species
AOP:298		Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Review	Homo sapiens	0.33	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:306	Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to short anogenital distance (AGD) in male (mammalian) offspring	Unclassified	Under Development	Rat, Human, Mouse	0.75	KE:286	Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
						KE:1614	Decrease, androgen receptor activation
						KE:26	Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:324	Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and cell death	Unclassified	-	Fish	0.25	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:325	Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and cell death	Unclassified	-	Fish	0.25	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:326	Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via protein oxidation and cell death	Unclassified	-	Fish	0.25	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:327	Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (1)	Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna	0.2	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:328	Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (2)	Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna	0.4	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:328		Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna	0.4	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:329	Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (3)	Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna, Paracyclopina nana	0.4	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
AOP:329		Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna, Paracyclopina nana	0.4	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:330	Excessive reactive oxygen species production leading to mortality (4)	Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna	0.2	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:331	Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via oxidative DNA damage and reduced cell proliferation	Unclassified	-	Daphnia magna, Daphnia middendorffiana, Daphnia pulex, Daphnia pulicaria, Daphnia parvula	0.33	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:331		Unclassified	-		0.33	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:332	Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via lipid peroxidation and reduced cell proliferation	Unclassified	-		0.4	KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:332		Unclassified	-		0.4	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:333	Excessive reactive oxygen species leading to growth inhibition via uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation	Unclassified	-		0.6	KE:1771	Decrease, Adenosine triphosphate pool
						KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
						KE:1821	Decrease, Cell proliferation
AOP:344	Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to nipple retention (NR) in male (mammalian) offspring	Unclassified	Under Development		0.75	KE:286	Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
						KE:1614	Decrease, androgen receptor activation
						KE:26	Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:345	Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to decreased fertility in females	Endocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Reproductive system disease	Under Development	Mammals	0.5	KE:286	Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
						KE:1614	Decrease, androgen receptor activation
						KE:26	Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:372	Androgen receptor antagonism leading to testicular cancer	Endocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Cancer	-		0.6	KE:286	Altered, Transcription of genes by the androgen receptor
						KE:1614	Decrease, androgen receptor activation
						KE:26	Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:413	Oxidation and antagonism of reduced glutathione leading to mortality via acute renal failure	Unclassified	-	Fish, Mice	0.5	KE:1607	Increase, Necrosis
						KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
						KE:926	Oxidation, Glutathione (To be considered with MIE)
AOP:423	Toxicological mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis through the PARP1 dependent cell death pathway	Unclassified	-		0.17	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:438	reactive oxygen species generation leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality	Cardiovascular system disease	-		0.08	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:440	Hypothalamus estrogen receptors activity suppression leading to ovarian cancer via ovarian epithelial cell hyperplasia	Benign neoplasm; Endocrine system disease; Reproductive system disease; Reproductive system disease; Cancer; Endocrine system disease	Under Development	Human, Rat, Mice	0.11	KE:1046	Suppression, Estrogen receptor (ER) activity
AOP:446	PM-related Adverse outcome pathway frameworks on various systems	Respiratory system disease	-		0.25	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
						KE:1250	Decrease, Lung function
						KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
						KE:1497	Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
						KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:448	ROS, inflammation, and activation of nAChR lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality	Cardiovascular system disease	-		0.06	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:453	Reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress lead to increased incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality in the general population	Gastrointestinal system disease	-		0.08	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:469	Reactive oxygen speicies overproduction leading to increased digestive morbidity and mortality in generation population	Gastrointestinal system disease	-		0.08	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:472	DNA adduct formation leading to kidney failure	Urinary system disease	-		0.33	KE:1097	Occurrence, renal proximal tubular necrosis
						KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
						KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:477	Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism leading to hypospadias in male (mammalian) offspring	Physical disorder	-		0.67	KE:1614	Decrease, androgen receptor activation
AOP:477		Physical disorder	-		0.67	KE:26	Antagonism, Androgen receptor
AOP:493	ERa inactivation alters AT expansion and functions and leads to insulin resistance and metabolically unhealthy obesity	Acquired metabolic disease	-	Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	0.2	KE:2126	Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:493		Acquired metabolic disease	-	Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	0.2	KE:1497	Increased, recruitment of inflammatory cells
AOP:497	ERa inactivation alters mitochondrial functions and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and leads to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome	Inherited metabolic disorder; Disease of metabolism	-		0.25	KE:2126	Estrogen receptor alpha inactivation
AOP:497		Inherited metabolic disorder; Disease of metabolism	-		0.25	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:511	The AOP framework on ROS-mediated oxidative stress induced vascular disrupting effects	Cardiovascular system disease	-	Human, Mouse, Zebrafish	0.12	KE:2172	Activated Wnt/Frizzled pathway
AOP:511		Cardiovascular system disease	-	Human, Mouse, Zebrafish	0.12	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:540	Oxidative Stress in the Fish Ovary Leads to Reproductive Impairment via Reduced Vitellogenin Production	Unclassified	-		0.22	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:540		Unclassified	-		0.22	KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:541	Excessive ROS generation leading to increased incidence of vascular calcification by VSMC phenotype switching	Cardiovascular system disease	-		0.08	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species

Associated AOPs with Level of Relevance - 5 AOPs with at least 1 MIE and AO associated with chemical, and there exists a directed path between that MIE and AO

AOP Identifier	AOP Title	AO Classification	OECD Status	Taxonomic applicability	Coverage Score ⓘ The fraction of KEs within the AOP, that are mapped to the chemical-associated toxicological endpoints.	KE Identifier	KE Name
AOP:27	Cholestatic Liver Injury induced by Inhibition of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)	Gastrointestinal system disease	Under Development	Humans	0.5	KE:357	Cholestasis, Pathology
						KE:41	Inhibition, Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11)
						KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
						KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:106	Chemical binding to tubulin in oocytes leading to aneuploid offspring	Chromosomal disease	Under Review	Mus musculus, Homo sapiens, Hamster	1.0	KE:723	Altered, Chromosome number
						KE:728	Increase, Aneuploid offspring
						KE:720	Disruption, Microtubule dynamics
						KE:721	Disorganization, Meiotic Spindle
						KE:752	Altered, Meiotic chromosome dynamics
						KE:718	Binding, Tubulin
AOP:118	Chronic cytotoxicity leading to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in mouse and rat)	Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	-	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.5	KE:719	Increase, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas
AOP:118		Cancer; Gastrointestinal system disease	-	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus	0.5	KE:786	Increase, Cytotoxicity (hepatocytes)
AOP:300	Thyroid Receptor Antagonism and Subsequent Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mammals	Cognitive disorder	Under Development	Human, Mouse	0.4	KE:1656	Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:300		Cognitive disorder	Under Development	Human, Mouse	0.4	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:463	The AOP framwork on silica nanopariticles induced hepatoxicity	Gastrointestinal system disease	-		0.36	KE:2034	liver dysfunction
						KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
						KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
						KE:1262	Apoptosis
AOP:485	Thyroid hormone antagonism leading to impaired oligodendrocyte maturation during development and subsequent decreased cognition	Cognitive disorder	-	Human	0.29	KE:1656	Antagonism, Thyroid Receptor
AOP:485		Cognitive disorder	-	Human	0.29	KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:488	Increased reactive oxygen species production leading to decreased cognitive function	Cognitive disorder	-	Human	0.43	KE:1869	Diminished protective oxidative stress response
						KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
						KE:402	Cognitive function, decreased
AOP:505	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation leads to cancer via inflammation pathway	Cancer	-	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.6	KE:885	Increase, Cancer
						KE:149	Increase, Inflammation
						KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species
AOP:513	Reactive Oxygen (ROS) formation leads to cancer via Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway	Cancer	-	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.4	KE:885	Increase, Cancer
AOP:513		Cancer	-	Human, Mouse, Rat	0.4	KE:1115	Increase, Reactive oxygen species

DISCLAIMER

We have built a comprehensive resource which compiles potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) based on the observed adverse effects or endocrine-mediated endpoints in published experiments on humans or rodents to support basic research. We are not responsible for any errors or omissions in the published research articles or supporting literature on potential EDCs compiled in this resource. Users are advised to exercise their own judgement on the weight of evidence for potential EDCs compiled in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on potential EDCs is to enable future basic research towards better understanding of the systems-level perturbations upon chemical exposure rather than influencing regulatory advice on chemical use.