Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid


Curated chemical-phenotype interactions from CTD
GO IDGO nameInteraction typeReference
GO:0000084 Mitotic s phase Affects phenotype PMID:32700164
GO:0000085 Mitotic g2 phase Affects phenotype PMID:36181250
GO:0000086 G2/m transition of mitotic cell cycle Affects phenotype PMID:32700164
GO:0000422 Autophagy of mitochondrion Decreases phenotype PMID:27413105
GO:0001541 Ovarian follicle development Decreases phenotype PMID:26358002
GO:0001545 Primary ovarian follicle growth Decreases phenotype PMID:39141488
GO:0001552 Ovarian follicle atresia Increases phenotype PMID:26358002
GO:0001556 Oocyte maturation Decreases phenotype PMID:36723383
GO:0001774 Microglial cell activation Increases phenotype PMID:25677194
GO:0002024 Diet induced thermogenesis Increases phenotype PMID:26001964
GO:0002381 Immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response Affects phenotype PMID:24284791
GO:0002455 Humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin Decreases phenotype PMID:22274686; PMID:26041029
GO:0002523 Leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response Affects phenotype PMID:37955688
GO:0002534 Cytokine production involved in inflammatory response Increases phenotype PMID:34500361
GO:0003006 Developmental process involved in reproduction Decreases phenotype PMID:34171588
GO:0003094 Glomerular filtration Decreases phenotype PMID:23482063; PMID:26590127
GO:0004069 L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity Increases phenotype PMID:33096110
GO:0004517 Nitric-oxide synthase activity Increases phenotype PMID:39894534
GO:0004602 Glutathione peroxidase activity Decreases phenotype PMID:39894534
GO:0004784 Superoxide dismutase activity Affects phenotype PMID:22976841; PMID:24440345; PMID:27825932; PMID:39894534; PMID:39933620
GO:0005243 Gap junction channel activity Decreases phenotype PMID:26023933
GO:0005777 Peroxisome Increases phenotype PMID:34861291
GO:0006094 Gluconeogenesis Affects phenotype PMID:33844015
GO:0006099 Tricarboxylic acid cycle Affects phenotype PMID:31926186
GO:0006119 Oxidative phosphorylation Affects phenotype PMID:34311058; PMID:39933620
GO:0006306 Dna methylation Affects phenotype PMID:29795014; PMID:31508952; PMID:32700164
GO:0006309 Apoptotic dna fragmentation Increases phenotype PMID:31841032
GO:0006521 Regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:31926186
GO:0006536 Glutamate metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:32861761
GO:0006590 Thyroid hormone generation Decreases phenotype PMID:34952357
GO:0006601 Creatine biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:36988283
GO:0006629 Lipid metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:27413108; PMID:32634666; PMID:33096110; PMID:33113464
GO:0006633 Fatty acid biosynthetic process Decreases phenotype PMID:28288859
GO:0006641 Triglyceride metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:32588087; PMID:32991729; PMID:33096110; PMID:33096110; PMID:34464680; PMID:35999056; PMID:34464680; PMID:35999056; PMID:38117326; PMID:39894534
GO:0006672 Ceramide metabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:33096110; PMID:34627976
GO:0006684 Sphingomyelin metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:32634666; PMID:32991729
GO:0006694 Steroid biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:33991873
GO:0006695 Cholesterol biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:20123614
GO:0006699 Bile acid biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:32253466
GO:0006703 Estrogen biosynthetic process Decreases phenotype PMID:26358002
GO:0006749 Glutathione metabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:26844784; PMID:33309997; PMID:36321694
GO:0006750 Glutathione biosynthetic process Decreases phenotype PMID:22976841; PMID:27825932
GO:0006754 Atp biosynthetic process Decreases phenotype PMID:28288859
GO:0006915 Apoptotic process Increases phenotype PMID:22976841; PMID:24301089; PMID:24616003; PMID:27825932; PMID:31588057; PMID:34303733; PMID:36181250; PMID:39894534
GO:0006919 Activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Increases phenotype PMID:27413105
GO:0006954 Inflammatory response Affects phenotype PMID:32916415; PMID:33096110
GO:0006955 Immune response Decreases phenotype PMID:32772733
GO:0006974 Cellular response to dna damage stimulus Increases phenotype PMID:19591892
GO:0007005 Mitochondrion organization Affects phenotype PMID:28288859; PMID:34311058; PMID:39894534
GO:0007033 Vacuole organization Increases phenotype PMID:33359577
GO:0007155 Cell adhesion Affects phenotype PMID:29150642
GO:0007204 Positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Increases phenotype PMID:30508566; PMID:31004706; PMID:34990082
GO:0007281 Germ cell development Affects phenotype PMID:33359577
GO:0007283 Spermatogenesis Decreases phenotype PMID:27818224; PMID:33359577
GO:0007286 Spermatid development Decreases phenotype PMID:36321694
GO:0007346 Regulation of mitotic cell cycle Affects phenotype PMID:38603627
GO:0007610 Behavior Affects phenotype PMID:25567242
GO:0007612 Learning Affects phenotype PMID:32861761
GO:0007613 Memory Affects phenotype PMID:32861761
GO:0007623 Circadian rhythm Affects phenotype PMID:36181250
GO:0008203 Cholesterol metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:19846564; PMID:32971418; PMID:32588087; PMID:33993001; PMID:34464680; PMID:36069575; PMID:39894534
GO:0008210 Estrogen metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:34929288
GO:0008217 Regulation of blood pressure Affects phenotype PMID:24218149
GO:0008219 Cell death Affects phenotype PMID:24301089; PMID:26599974
GO:0008283 Cell population proliferation Affects phenotype PMID:23539207; PMID:24819616; PMID:26178269; PMID:26234195; PMID:27825932; PMID:29063134; PMID:29063134; PMID:32700164; PMID:37834465
GO:0008284 Positive regulation of cell population proliferation Increases phenotype PMID:34990082; PMID:35337807
GO:0008285 Negative regulation of cell population proliferation Increases phenotype PMID:32353385
GO:0008610 Lipid biosynthetic process Decreases phenotype PMID:28011154
GO:0008652 Amino acid biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:32634666
GO:0009060 Aerobic respiration Decreases phenotype PMID:34006824
GO:0009448 Gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:32861761
GO:0010172 Embryonic body morphogenesis Decreases phenotype PMID:34134420
GO:0010424 Dna methylation on cytosine within a cg sequence Affects phenotype PMID:33356526; PMID:35266797; PMID:39862910
GO:0010468 Regulation of gene expression Affects phenotype PMID:26046833
GO:0010508 Positive regulation of autophagy Increases phenotype PMID:27413105
GO:0010718 Positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition Increases phenotype PMID:28973641
GO:0010867 Positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:33844015
GO:0010884 Positive regulation of lipid storage Increases phenotype PMID:26548598; PMID:32353385; PMID:32979393
GO:0010906 Regulation of glucose metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:31926186
GO:0010918 Positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential Affects phenotype PMID:26844784; PMID:34311058
GO:0010942 Positive regulation of cell death Increases phenotype PMID:27511595
GO:0012501 Programmed cell death Increases phenotype PMID:37955688
GO:0015808 L-alanine transport Decreases phenotype PMID:33027616
GO:0015825 L-serine transport Increases phenotype PMID:33027616
GO:0016042 Lipid catabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:22976841; PMID:27825932
GO:0016049 Cell growth Affects phenotype PMID:22976841; PMID:26234195; PMID:30144469; PMID:34861291
GO:0016209 Antioxidant activity Decreases phenotype PMID:36988283
GO:0016477 Cell migration Increases phenotype PMID:29063134; PMID:32700164; PMID:33571556
GO:0018394 Peptidyl-lysine acetylation Increases phenotype PMID:31508952
GO:0019216 Regulation of lipid metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:31926186; PMID:33483757
GO:0019222 Regulation of metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:31926186
GO:0019249 Lactate biosynthetic process Decreases phenotype PMID:28288859
GO:0019695 Choline metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:31926186
GO:0022008 Neurogenesis Affects phenotype PMID:23948355
GO:0030036 Actin cytoskeleton organization Affects phenotype PMID:24169556
GO:0030072 Peptide hormone secretion Decreases phenotype PMID:31216000
GO:0030282 Bone mineralization Affects phenotype PMID:26058082; PMID:30738844; PMID:35750749
GO:0030308 Negative regulation of cell growth Increases phenotype PMID:36341878
GO:0030324 Lung development Decreases phenotype PMID:37955688; PMID:38830033
GO:0030335 Positive regulation of cell migration Increases phenotype PMID:28973641
GO:0030431 Sleep Decreases phenotype PMID:39512894
GO:0030520 Intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway Increases phenotype PMID:33111528
GO:0030728 Ovulation Decreases phenotype PMID:26358002; PMID:29939337
GO:0031987 Locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Affects phenotype PMID:26254212
GO:0032204 Regulation of telomere maintenance Affects phenotype PMID:34454526
GO:0032275 Luteinizing hormone secretion Affects phenotype PMID:29939337; PMID:39141488
GO:0032350 Regulation of hormone metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:37148813
GO:0032760 Positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Increases phenotype PMID:39141488
GO:0033344 Cholesterol efflux Affects phenotype PMID:32253466
GO:0033686 Positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:37148813
GO:0034440 Lipid oxidation Increases phenotype PMID:39894534; PMID:39933620
GO:0035752 Lysosomal lumen ph elevation Increases phenotype PMID:32861759
GO:0035774 Positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus Increases phenotype PMID:33689947
GO:0035936 Testosterone secretion Decreases phenotype PMID:33359577
GO:0035937 Estrogen secretion Affects phenotype PMID:39933620
GO:0035942 Dehydroepiandrosterone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:27219028
GO:0036343 Psychomotor behavior Decreases phenotype PMID:34871666
GO:0040015 Negative regulation of multicellular organism growth Increases phenotype PMID:34990082
GO:0040029 Epigenetic regulation of gene expression Affects phenotype PMID:39862910
GO:0042177 Negative regulation of protein catabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:32861759
GO:0042307 Positive regulation of protein import into nucleus Increases phenotype PMID:27818224
GO:0042310 Vasoconstriction Increases phenotype PMID:32980420
GO:0042403 Thyroid hormone metabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:19750101; PMID:25483837; PMID:24010716; PMID:26517287; PMID:33243245
GO:0042445 Hormone metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:21411548
GO:0042448 Progesterone metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:34929288
GO:0042593 Glucose homeostasis Affects phenotype PMID:32480407; PMID:32807188; PMID:33844015
GO:0042632 Cholesterol homeostasis Decreases phenotype PMID:20819969; PMID:23685825; PMID:23441227; PMID:32979393; PMID:36174755
GO:0042697 Menopause Increases phenotype PMID:21411548; PMID:39510233
GO:0042701 Progesterone secretion Affects phenotype PMID:34311058; PMID:39933620
GO:0042908 Xenobiotic transport Decreases phenotype PMID:32979393
GO:0042942 D-serine transport Increases phenotype PMID:31004706
GO:0043045 Dna methylation involved in embryo development Affects phenotype PMID:32653021
GO:0043065 Positive regulation of apoptotic process Increases phenotype PMID:25412474; PMID:35934180; PMID:26844784; PMID:30508566; PMID:33812015; PMID:34006824; PMID:35934180; PMID:36988283; PMID:39423996
GO:0043400 Cortisol secretion Decreases phenotype PMID:27219028
GO:0043970 Histone h3-k9 acetylation Decreases phenotype PMID:32700164
GO:0044028 Dna hypomethylation Increases phenotype PMID:28011154
GO:0044233 Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane Affects phenotype PMID:28288859
GO:0044237 Cellular metabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:30610963; PMID:31809754; PMID:32253466; PMID:38117326; PMID:33309997; PMID:34303733; PMID:34311058; PMID:34929288; PMID:35457000; PMID:35999056; PMID:36181250; PMID:36326898; PMID:36674557; PMID:37955688; PMID:38117326; PMID:38549690
GO:0044255 Cellular lipid metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:34464680
GO:0045023 G0 to g1 transition Affects phenotype PMID:32700164; PMID:34303733
GO:0045089 Positive regulation of innate immune response Increases phenotype PMID:34006824
GO:0045214 Sarcomere organization Decreases phenotype PMID:28288859
GO:0045444 Fat cell differentiation Increases phenotype PMID:34800597; PMID:39111555
GO:0045454 Cell redox homeostasis Decreases phenotype PMID:31926186
GO:0045540 Regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:29156323
GO:0045600 Positive regulation of fat cell differentiation Increases phenotype PMID:26548598
GO:0045930 Negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle Increases phenotype PMID:22976841; PMID:24301089
GO:0046034 Atp metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:34311058; PMID:39933620
GO:0046323 Glucose import Decreases phenotype PMID:34311058
GO:0046326 Positive regulation of glucose import Increases phenotype PMID:26548598
GO:0046337 Phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:32991729; PMID:33096110
GO:0046339 Diacylglycerol metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:33096110
GO:0046462 Monoacylglycerol metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:33096110
GO:0046466 Membrane lipid catabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:33812015
GO:0046470 Phosphatidylcholine metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:32634666; PMID:32991729
GO:0046488 Phosphatidylinositol metabolic process Affects phenotype PMID:33096110
GO:0046621 Negative regulation of organ growth Increases phenotype PMID:36321694
GO:0046622 Positive regulation of organ growth Increases phenotype PMID:32979393
GO:0046697 Decidualization Affects phenotype PMID:27288094
GO:0046827 Positive regulation of protein export from nucleus Increases phenotype PMID:34990082
GO:0046890 Regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:34500360
GO:0048168 Regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity Affects phenotype PMID:34871666
GO:0048513 Animal organ development Increases phenotype PMID:34500361
GO:0048874 Host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition Increases phenotype PMID:30813950; PMID:31926186
GO:0050728 Negative regulation of inflammatory response Increases phenotype PMID:31926186
GO:0050810 Regulation of steroid biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:37148813
GO:0050890 Cognition Affects phenotype PMID:32272335
GO:0051881 Regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential Increases phenotype PMID:22976841; PMID:27413105; PMID:28288859; PMID:33689947; PMID:34006824; PMID:37834465; PMID:39933620
GO:0051882 Mitochondrial depolarization Increases phenotype PMID:35934180; PMID:39933620
GO:0055007 Cardiac muscle cell differentiation Decreases phenotype PMID:28288859
GO:0055074 Calcium ion homeostasis Affects phenotype PMID:28288859; PMID:30056177
GO:0055088 Lipid homeostasis Decreases phenotype PMID:31926186; PMID:32353385
GO:0055089 Fatty acid homeostasis Decreases phenotype PMID:32979393
GO:0060207 Diestrus Increases phenotype PMID:26358002; PMID:29939337
GO:0060208 Proestrus Decreases phenotype PMID:39141488
GO:0060326 Cell chemotaxis Increases phenotype PMID:32700164; PMID:33571556
GO:0060391 Positive regulation of smad protein signal transduction Increases phenotype PMID:34990082
GO:0060443 Mammary gland morphogenesis Decreases phenotype PMID:27511595
GO:0060612 Adipose tissue development Increases phenotype PMID:27352404
GO:0061028 Establishment of endothelial barrier Decreases phenotype PMID:33571556
GO:0061052 Negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development Increases phenotype PMID:34134420
GO:0061333 Renal tubule morphogenesis Affects phenotype PMID:36988283
GO:0061370 Testosterone biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:33359577
GO:0061670 Evoked neurotransmitter secretion Decreases phenotype PMID:30508566
GO:0061771 Response to caloric restriction Decreases phenotype PMID:32979393
GO:0061909 Autophagosome-lysosome fusion Decreases phenotype PMID:32861759
GO:0070162 Adiponectin secretion Decreases phenotype PMID:31216000
GO:0070265 Necrotic cell death Increases phenotype PMID:23948355
GO:0070269 Pyroptosis Increases phenotype PMID:34006824
GO:0070316 Regulation of g0 to g1 transition Affects phenotype PMID:38603627
GO:0070328 Triglyceride homeostasis Decreases phenotype PMID:32979393
GO:0070460 Thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:27219111
GO:0070507 Regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization Affects phenotype PMID:29150642
GO:0070584 Mitochondrion morphogenesis Decreases phenotype PMID:32861759
GO:0070994 Detection of oxidative stress Increases phenotype PMID:39894534
GO:0071736 Igg immunoglobulin complex, circulating Decreases phenotype PMID:27501995
GO:0072089 Stem cell proliferation Decreases phenotype PMID:27018151
GO:0072520 Seminiferous tubule development Decreases phenotype PMID:36321694
GO:0072593 Reactive oxygen species metabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:39894534; PMID:39933620
GO:0086003 Cardiac muscle cell contraction Decreases phenotype PMID:36116746
GO:0090151 Establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane Increases phenotype PMID:32861759
GO:0097169 Aim2 inflammasome complex Increases phenotype PMID:34006824
GO:0097368 Establishment of sertoli cell barrier Decreases phenotype PMID:27818224; PMID:29150642
GO:0097722 Sperm motility Decreases phenotype PMID:31841032
GO:0098609 Cell-cell adhesion Decreases phenotype PMID:23948355
GO:0099590 Neurotransmitter receptor internalization Increases phenotype PMID:30508566
GO:0110053 Regulation of actin filament organization Affects phenotype PMID:28439067; PMID:29150642
GO:0120178 Steroid hormone biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:34536543
GO:0120193 Tight junction organization Decreases phenotype PMID:36106993
GO:0140042 Lipid droplet formation Increases phenotype PMID:30738844; PMID:33096110; PMID:34464680; PMID:35999056
GO:0140058 Neuron projection arborization Increases phenotype PMID:33309997
GO:1900015 Regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response Affects phenotype PMID:38830033
GO:1900017 Positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response Increases phenotype PMID:34006824
GO:1900272 Negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation Increases phenotype PMID:30508566
GO:1900745 Positive regulation of p38mapk cascade Increases phenotype PMID:27818224
GO:1901164 Negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration Increases phenotype PMID:32219433; PMID:35548680
GO:1901216 Positive regulation of neuron death Increases phenotype PMID:33027616
GO:1902656 Calcium ion import into cytosol Increases phenotype PMID:30144469
GO:1902721 Negative regulation of prolactin secretion Increases phenotype PMID:37148813
GO:1903047 Mitotic cell cycle process Affects phenotype PMID:32700164; PMID:34303733; PMID:36181250
GO:1903180 Negative regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:34371090
GO:1903409 Reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:22976841; PMID:27825932; PMID:31508952; PMID:33812015
GO:1903428 Positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:25412474; PMID:35934180; PMID:26844784; PMID:26844784; PMID:36075290; PMID:35934180; PMID:36988283; PMID:39423996
GO:1903532 Positive regulation of secretion by cell Increases phenotype PMID:31004706
GO:1903539 Protein localization to postsynaptic membrane Decreases phenotype PMID:30508566
GO:1903703 Enterocyte differentiation Affects phenotype PMID:38563870
GO:1903851 Negative regulation of cristae formation Increases phenotype PMID:33812015
GO:1903998 Regulation of eating behavior Affects phenotype PMID:26001964
GO:1904178 Negative regulation of adipose tissue development Increases phenotype PMID:32979393
GO:1904197 Positive regulation of granulosa cell proliferation Increases phenotype PMID:38603627
GO:1904203 Positive regulation of iodide transport Increases phenotype PMID:32065294
GO:1904253 Positive regulation of bile acid metabolic process Increases phenotype PMID:34627976
GO:1904358 Positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening Increases phenotype PMID:34193151
GO:1904772 Response to tetrachloromethane Increases phenotype PMID:34990082
GO:1904924 Negative regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization Increases phenotype PMID:32861759
GO:1905513 Negative regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation Increases phenotype PMID:30508566
GO:1990138 Neuron projection extension Increases phenotype PMID:33309997
GO:1990182 Exosomal secretion Increases phenotype PMID:37851381
GO:1990428 Mirna transport Increases phenotype PMID:37851381
GO:2000045 Regulation of g1/s transition of mitotic cell cycle Affects phenotype PMID:29063134
GO:2000183 Negative regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:39423996
GO:2000224 Regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process Affects phenotype PMID:26046833
GO:2000225 Negative regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:39423996
GO:2000491 Positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation Increases phenotype PMID:34990082
GO:2000609 Regulation of thyroid hormone generation Affects phenotype PMID:29488882
GO:2000612 Regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion Affects phenotype PMID:19750101
GO:2000614 Positive regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:26517287; PMID:31518930
GO:2000726 Negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation Increases phenotype PMID:28288859; PMID:32861759; PMID:34134420
GO:2000786 Positive regulation of autophagosome assembly Increases phenotype PMID:32861759
GO:2000845 Positive regulation of testosterone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:37148813
GO:2000854 Positive regulation of corticosterone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:37148813
GO:2000860 Positive regulation of aldosterone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:37148813
GO:2000865 Negative regulation of estradiol secretion Increases phenotype PMID:37148813; PMID:38603627; PMID:39423996
GO:2000868 Negative regulation of estrone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:39423996
GO:2000872 Positive regulation of progesterone secretion Increases phenotype PMID:37148813; PMID:38603627
GO:2001170 Negative regulation of atp biosynthetic process Increases phenotype PMID:32861759
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We have built a comprehensive resource which compiles potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) based on the observed adverse effects or endocrine-mediated endpoints in published experiments on humans or rodents to support basic research. We are not responsible for any errors or omissions in the published research articles or supporting literature on potential EDCs compiled in this resource. Users are advised to exercise their own judgement on the weight of evidence for potential EDCs compiled in this resource. Importantly, our sole goal to build this resource on potential EDCs is to enable future basic research towards better understanding of the systems-level perturbations upon chemical exposure rather than influencing regulatory advice on chemical use.